The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 5 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Trust in peer platform markets: Consumer survey findings
Open accessAbstract
Trust is a key component in peer platform markets (PPMs). In 2016, the OECD’s Committee on Consumer Policy (CCP) produced a report on Protecting consumers in peer platform markets: Exploring the issues. The 2016 report examined a number of the mechanisms that peer platforms have themselves developed to help engender trust in and use of their services (e.g. initiatives such as ratings and reviews) and raised a set of questions for further research and reflection. In order to understand better the role and drivers of consumer trust in PPMs, the CCP conducted an online survey of 10 000 consumers across ten OECD member countries. This report discusses the findings of that survey.
Overview
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Claims the paper makes
227 Own result · 34 Own interpretation · 34 No basis given · 13 Own method · 5 Sources not found
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, consumers do not tend to disengage from the market as a result.”
- Also stated in: § Things do go wrong -but consumers do not disengage as a result · plain
“However, only a handful of those that have experienced a problem say they have stopped using the platform in question, or PPMs more generally, as a result.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Executive summary
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Things do go wrong -but consumers do not disengage as a result · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“around one in ten PPM consumers reported spending the local equivalent of USD 500 or more on a single transaction.”
- Also stated in: § 3.5. Expenditure on peer platforms · plain
“Over one in ten peer platform consumers have spent more than USD 500 (or its approximate local equivalent, adjusted for relative price levels) on a single transaction”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Peer platforms are an established part of the economy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § 3.5. Expenditure on peer platforms · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in all countries PPMs are trusted more than conventional businesses in the same market.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Peer platform consumers generally trust peer platforms
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The majority of PPM users buy items on platforms such as eBay.”
- Also stated in: § 3.2. The mix of peer platform markets used · plain
“PPMs (such as eBay) that enable consumers to buy items from other individuals are the most commonly used type of PPM.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Peer platforms are an established part of the economy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § 3.2. The mix of peer platform markets used · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“most have completed 2-10 transactions in the last 12 months”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Peer platforms are an established part of the economy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The more consumers use PPMs, the more they trust them.”
- Also stated in: § With greater experience of peer platform markets, comes greater trust · hedged
“The heaviest 10% of PPM users (30 or more transactions in the past 12 months) appear to trust PPMs the most.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Executive summary
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § With greater experience of peer platform markets, comes greater trust · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This trust is anchored in the platforms to a greater degree than in the peer sellers/providers.”
- Also stated in: § Peer platform consumers generally trust peer platforms · hedged
“This trust appears to be anchored in the peer platform more than in the sellers/providers who provide the items or services.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Executive summary
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Peer platform consumers generally trust peer platforms · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This factor does not, however, appear to significantly undermine consumers' trust that PPMs are using their personal data responsibly, especially when they compare PPMs to other types of online businesses.”
- Also stated in: § Consumer trust in peer platforms is derived from multiple factors · plain
“Despite this, consumers have relatively high levels of trust in PPM's protection and use of personal data.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Executive summary
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Consumer trust in peer platforms is derived from multiple factors · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“who are two to three times more likely than older consumers to have used PPMs.”
- Also stated in: § Young consumers engage more with peer platform markets than older consumers · plain
“Once online, they are two to three times more likely than older consumers (aged 65 years and older) to have used PPMs”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Executive summary
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Young consumers engage more with peer platform markets than older consumers · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is no single key to trust: secure payment, data security, and the ability to see pictures of goods or services are the top drivers.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Executive summary
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 136
- The quote only partly states this claim. 6
- Probably not a substantial claim. 25
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On balance, consumers trust peer platforms more than conventional businesses in the same market, with 32% trusting them more and 10% trusting them less.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Peer platform consumers generally trust peer platforms
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Less than half of PPM consumers have read the platforms' terms and conditions or the privacy policies in detail, despite claiming that the privacy and security of their data are important to them.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Executive summary
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consumers generally trust PPMs, often more so than conventional businesses in the same market.”
- Also stated in: § Peer platform consumers generally trust peer platforms · hedged
“The survey results suggest that consumers who use PPMs generally trust them, certainly in comparison to a range of other online and offline businesses.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Executive summary
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Peer platform consumers generally trust peer platforms · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A preference for buying from individuals (rather than companies) only really features in the personal tasks market, and even here it is still a weaker motivating factor than value and price.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They view platforms as being on par with banks and supermarkets, and better than their national postal service or mobile phone network providers.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Peer platform consumers generally trust peer platforms
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The value proposition -cost, convenience and choice -attracts consumers, especially young consumers, who are two to three times more likely than older consumers to have used PPMs.”
- Also stated in: § Price, convenience and choice attract consumers · plain
“Across all types of PPM consumers, and all PPM markets, value or price, convenience, and choice emerge as the three most important reasons consumers use peer platforms rather than more conventional markets.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Executive summary
plaindirect- Asserted: unclear — It is unclear whether the authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Price, convenience and choice attract consumers · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consumer use of PPMs is now widespread, and not just for small-value transactions.”
- Also stated in: § Peer platforms are an established part of the economy · boosted
“PPMs are now firmly established in consumers' minds in all but one country (Japan).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Executive summary
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Peer platforms are an established part of the economy · boosted
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“PPM consumers take a nuanced view of ratings and reviews, which are considered important, but not necessarily crucial.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Executive summary
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, although they are more sensitive to the existence of dishonest or fake ratings or reviews, their overall levels of trust in ratings and reviews are on a par with that of older consumers.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Young consumers engage more with peer platform markets than older consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Turkey, for example, 47% of 18-29 year olds have used PPMs while only 34% of all Turks have used them.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Young consumers engage more with peer platform markets than older consumers
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while consumers' reasons for using PPMs are relatively consistent across markets, the drivers of trust differ based on the type of peer platform.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Consumer trust in peer platforms is derived from multiple factors
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“68% of 18-29 year olds had used them within the past month compared to 55% of those aged 65 years and older.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.3. Frequency of use
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Yet, despite this, they show higher levels of trust in PPMs compared to similar conventional businesses, and are more likely to have gone ahead with a transaction even when they were unsure if they could trust the seller/provider.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Young consumers engage more with peer platform markets than older consumers
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“57% of consumers in the top 20% of online household income have spent the equivalent of over USD 100 compared to only 29% of consumers in the bottom 20% of household income.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.5. Expenditure on peer platforms
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consumer trust in PPMs derives from several factors, including: the availability of secure payment options, confidence in the security of personal data that the PPM collects, pictures of the items or services offered through the PPM, ratings or reviews from other PPM users, verification of individual sellers' identities, and the ability to contact sellers, if necessary.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Consumer trust in peer platforms is derived from multiple factors
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Over one in ten peer platform consumers have spent more than USD 500 (or its approximate local equivalent, adjusted for relative price levels) on a single transaction, and approaching half (44%) have spent more than USD 100 (or its local equivalent).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.5. Expenditure on peer platforms
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As much as 28% of PPM consumers had carried out a transaction within the week prior to the survey, and a further 39% had carried out a transaction two to four weeks prior to the survey.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.3. Frequency of use
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“consumers paying more attention to recent feedback, and a majority feeling that written reviews are more valuable than ratings alone”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Reviews and ratings are important, but not always crucial
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while 79% of younger PPM users have used a peer platform to buy items compared to 84% of those aged 65 years and older.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.2. The mix of peer platform markets used
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Aside from this, concerns around trust are evident, and feature prominently on a list of reasons for non-engagement with the sector among those who have heard of such platforms (though these constitute a minority of non-users).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Lack of trust is not a major barrier to consumers trying peer platform markets
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It appears that a minority of PPM users account for the vast majority of PPM transactions; with the top 10% most frequent users accounting for approximately 69% of PPM transactions”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.4. Transactions by "heavy users"
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Heave users nonetheless tend to either ignore terms and conditions or privacy statements or just scan them quickly.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > With greater experience of peer platform markets, comes greater trust
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, there are significantly higher average expenditures in three countries.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.5. Expenditure on peer platforms
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“around half of surveyed PPM consumers have seen ratings or reviews that they considered to be dishonest; this figure is even higher for more experienced PPM consumers.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Reviews and ratings are important, but not always crucial
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A majority of PPM consumers believe ratings and reviews are important, and many leave ratings and reviews after a transaction (although only a minority always leave them).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Reviews and ratings are important, but not always crucial
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ratings and reviews appear to facilitate trust in sellers/providers, and to a large extent consumers appear to trust ratings and reviews.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Reviews and ratings are important, but not always crucial
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Lastly, heavy users are the most likely to leave ratings and reviews despite only seeing them as marginally more important than lighter users do, and are also the most likely to trust them.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > With greater experience of peer platform markets, comes greater trust
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the drivers of trust are similar across users, heavy users trust peer platforms more.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > With greater experience of peer platform markets, comes greater trust
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On average, PPM consumers had completed 20 transactions across all peer platform markets in the 12 months preceding the survey, compared to an average of 11 transactions in a specific peer platform market.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.3. Frequency of use
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the differences are not great, they are consistent across a number of questions.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.3. Consumer trust is anchored in the platform
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While it is apparent that there are significant differences in the importance of trust mechanisms among markets, this is much less the case across consumers.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.2. Consumers across the ten countries seek similar reassurances
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Japan is the exception, where trust in PPMs (both platforms and sellers/providers) is the lowest (7.1 mean score) -on par with mobile phone networks and supermarkets, and behind users' banks (7.6) and Japan Post (7.6).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.2. Trust levels stand up against the wider economy also
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When sharing or borrowing items, consumers place relatively more emphasis on dealing with individuals, and ethical and environmental issues (figures for the latter are not included in the graph).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 4.1. Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As can be seen in Table 6.1, payment security and personal data protection are crucial or important to a high proportion of peer platform consumers, with 81% of PPM consumers prioritizing a secure payment method and 78% interested in the security and confidentiality of their personal data.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.1. Consumer trust is generated in many ways
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other trust mechanisms in the top half of the list include offering guarantees or refunds in the event of problems, verifying the identity of sellers/providers, and enabling consumers to contact the seller/provider.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.1. Consumer trust is generated in many ways
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Heavy users have greater levels of trust in both the seller/provider and the platform compared to light users (respectively 8.0 vs. 7.7, and 8.3 vs. 7.9).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.2. Trust levels stand up against the wider economy also
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the survey results suggest that PPM consumers' reasons for using PPMs are more commercial.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 4.1. Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, Japanese consumers place more importance on a platform being based in Japan (but this is still ranked 12th out of the 14 factors), and the importance of a link to Facebook varies dramatically (it is the highest in Italy and Mexico, and the lowest in Germany and Norway), but it is always at the bottom of the list.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.2. Consumers across the ten countries seek similar reassurances
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Trust is even net positive among those who have had problems with previous transactions, where 35% trust the peer platform in question more than conventional businesses, and only 11% trust it less.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.1. Consumers generally trust peer platforms more than conventional businesses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The factors that drive consumer trust vary markedly depending on the type of PPM but vary little by consumer gender, age, income or even country.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.1. Consumer trust is generated in many ways
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Heavy users are more relaxed about the need for certainty, marginally so for expensive items but more significantly for cheap items, where as many as 17% would go ahead regardless of whether they could trust the seller/provider.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.4. Trust in the seller/provider is important, but not crucial
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When asked how they would describe the platform in question to a family or friend who had never used it, 23% of consumers responded they would say they could”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.1. Consumers generally trust peer platforms more than conventional businesses
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are slight variations in the figures when broken down by country (see Table 5.3), although the overall narrative (of trust in platforms holding its own against, or outperforming, most of the organisations asked about) is consistently true in nine of the ten countries surveyed, the exception being Japan:”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.2. Trust levels stand up against the wider economy also
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While consumers give wide-ranging advice, the most commonly cited themes revolve around the platforms themselves, and the reviews and ratings options they offer (an issue that features significantly more prominently with regards to platforms for buying goods from other peers).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.3. First-time peer platform users are advised to check ratings and reviews
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“And while the degree to which this trust is evident varies significantly across countries and markets, in all cases the balance is positive (see Figure 5.1).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.1. Consumers generally trust peer platforms more than conventional businesses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consumers using”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.1. Consumer trust is generated in many ways
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Making an approximate calculation on the basis of the proportion of light (1-5 transactions in the past 12 months), medium (6-29 transactions) and heavy users (30+ transactions), and the mean total expenditure for each group, shows that they account for, respectively, 31%, 49% and 20% of expenditure on PPMs presented in the survey (Table 3.8), despite”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.5. Expenditure on peer platforms
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is a greater emphasis on personal safety when using transport platforms such as Uber and BlaBlaCar -data security is again crucial, but consumers also place relatively more importance on platforms vetting and verifying sellers/providers (as can be seen in Table 6.2).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.1. Consumer trust is generated in many ways
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The next two factors are the consumers'' ability to see pictures of the item or service (78%) and the ability to see ratings and reviews (73%).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.1. Consumer trust is generated in many ways
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only noticeable difference of any importance is that the oldest group (those aged 65 years and older) place relatively less emphasis on being able to see reviews or ratings than younger consumers, and even this difference is marginal.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.2. Consumers across the ten countries seek similar reassurances
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Perhaps one remaining finding lies in the figures overall: the data shows that 20% or more users gave eight reasons for going ahead with a transaction despite doubts, while on average each user gave 2.5 reasons for doing so.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.5. Platforms (or lower prices) help counteract doubts in sellers/providers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While a majority of PPM consumers feel they have a good idea of their rights, or are indeed confident they fully understand them, a sizeable minority of 43% have only a limited or no idea where they stand.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.4. Consumers are not always confident they know their rights
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, many consumers' responses were made in relation to the larger PPMs such as eBay, Uber and Airbnb, reflecting the relative size of these players in the PPM sector as a whole.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.6. Use of individual peer platforms
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is also apparent that sharing/borrowing PPMs are yet to instil the same levels of consumer trust as other PPM markets (despite being trusted more than conventional businesses in the same market).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.3. Consumer trust is anchored in the platform
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only really noticeable difference was that the younger age group was relatively more likely to cite quality as a motivating factor, but it still comes behind price/value, convenience and choice.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 4.1. Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From a demographic point of view, there were surprisingly few differences among different types of consumers -the common motivations for using such platforms appear to outweigh any age, gender or income differences.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 4.1. Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, Japanese consumers place more importance on a platform being based in Japan (but this is still ranked 12th out of the 14 factors), and the importance of a link to Facebook varies dramatically (it is the highest in Italy and Mexico, and the lowest in Germany and Norway), but it is always at the bottom of the list.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.2. Consumers across the ten countries seek similar reassurances
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For personal tasks, consumers gave a much greater mix of reasons including the quality available, a preference for buying from individuals, and a view that using PPMs is more ethical and matches their values more closely.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 4.1. Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consumer trust in the peer platform is marginally higher than trust in the seller/provider actually offering the item or service -21% trust the platform completely (10/10) compared to 16% that trust the seller/provider completely.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.3. Consumer trust is anchored in the platform
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are few notable differences in the ordering of trust mechanisms across countries, and the differences generally concern the lower-ranked potential trust factors.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.2. Consumers across the ten countries seek similar reassurances
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, survey responses also included those made in relation to numerous other smaller players (in terms of global user base), which cumulatively reflects their presence in the PPM sector.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.6. Use of individual peer platforms
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The importance of a sense of personal safety (described in more detail in Section 7) emerges when the figures are looked at by market, with transport consumers being the most cautious of all.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.5. Platforms (or lower prices) help counteract doubts in sellers/providers
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Germans place marginally more importance on sustainability and environmental issues.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 4.1. Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As was outlined above, this level of trust peaks with regards to transport platforms, where 30% of consumers say you can”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.1. Consumers generally trust peer platforms more than conventional businesses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, it seems that transport platforms are faring well on this measure (when compared to conventional transport businesses) as transport platform consumers are the most likely to trust the platform more than similar conventional businesses (see Table 5.1).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.5. Platforms (or lower prices) help counteract doubts in sellers/providers
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All age groups, income groups and men and women prioritised value, followed by convenience and then choice.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 4.1. Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When considering an expensive purchase, those using sharing/borrowing or personal tasks markets are relatively less concerned about trusting the seller/provider -60% in each case compared to 73% for buying items -but the differences more or less disappear for a cheap item.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.4. Trust in the seller/provider is important, but not crucial
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This was followed by”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 4.1. Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of those remaining, as many felt it would”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.1. Consumers generally trust peer platforms more than conventional businesses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Norwegians are marginally more likely to cite that the item was not available elsewhere (which makes it the second most commonly cited reason).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 4.1. Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only a handful of exceptions are evident, and only in one case does it change the make-up of the top three factors:”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 4.1. Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Japanese place marginally more emphasis on buying from individuals, being more ethical and matching their values more closely.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 4.1. Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When considering an expensive item, one that would”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.4. Trust in the seller/provider is important, but not crucial
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This figure peaks in Mexico (53%) and Turkey (53%), and is the lowest in Germany (34%), where consumers appear to be more cautious.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.5. Platforms (or lower prices) help counteract doubts in sellers/providers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As Figure 4.1 shows, overall, other reasons trailed these three, although the emphasis (and sometimes order) did differ across some markets.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 4.1. Price, convenience and choice attract consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These attitudes do not vary by gender, differ minimally by age, but do differ by experience.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.4. Trust in the seller/provider is important, but not crucial
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consumers who tend to go ahead with a transaction despite having doubts in the seller/provider cite trust in the platform itself (with the platform's support and/or guarantees also featuring strongly), and the attractiveness of the price as being key reasons for moving forward.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.5. Platforms (or lower prices) help counteract doubts in sellers/providers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is also a significant, but still minimal, difference by the (perceived) source of the problem -it is more likely that a problem will be resolved if responsibility is felt to lie with the platform rather than with the seller/provider (see below).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.2. Less than half of problems are fully resolved
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, while 42% of 18-29 year olds gave social media companies such as Facebook 7 or more out of 10 on the responsible use of personal data use, this falls to just 26% of those aged 65 years and older.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.5. The importance of personal data protection
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are only a handful of differences apparent by country, with Norwegian consumers placing less importance on both ratings and reviews and Italian consumers placing more importance.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, those using transport platforms tend to leave ratings, but rarely leave reviews (an understandable finding given that until recently the main player Uber only offers reviews as feedback if a consumer has something to report).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They either just”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.5. The importance of personal data protection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is a link between encountering problems and PPM usage -among light users, 26% have experienced a problem, but this rises to 54% of for heavy peer platform users”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.1. Consumers do experience problems
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As Table 8.2 shows, although resolution was reached in the majority of cases, for many consumers it was only resolved to their partial (27%) rather than full (46%) satisfaction.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.2. Less than half of problems are fully resolved
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In line with other survey findings, it is apparent that heavy users place higher levels of trust in the platforms than light users in relation to responsible use of personal data, but the differences are not pronounced -the mean score only varies from 7.4 among light users to 7.6 among heavy users.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.5. The importance of personal data protection
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, differences in trust levels are more muted in Japan, with platforms only seen as more trusted than Google and social media companies such as Facebook.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.5. The importance of personal data protection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consumers' scepticism about reviews does not, however, seem to have an impact on trust in peer platforms as a whole.Indeed, consumers who have seen dishonest reviews show similar overall levels of trust in PPMs as the sample as a whole (in terms of Q17, compared to similar conventional businesses).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.3. Reviews and ratings are somewhat trusted
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, PPM consumers in Japan place significantly less trust in both ratings and reviews.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.3. Reviews and ratings are somewhat trusted
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“• On the whole, they are seen by those with experience of them to be a good thing -75% see them as a positive feature, a figure consistently high across all types of consumers and peer platform markets.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.4. Bilateral feedback
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By market, the differences that emerge are that feedback is marginally more likely to be seen as crucial when searching for accommodation, and marginally less so for sharing/borrowing platforms.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, 72% of PPM consumers feel that written reviews are more valuable than ratings on their own (a feeling marginally more pronounced among consumers of accommodation platforms).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.3. Reviews and ratings are somewhat trusted
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ironically, given the importance that transport consumers put on the use of personal data, they are, if anything, less likely to read the small print than consumers as a whole (though this may reflect the higher proportion of younger users who use transport platforms).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.5. The importance of personal data protection
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall trend in these findings is fairly consistent across users, although the proportion of users seeing them as”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Just 13% of Japanese PPM consumers trust ratings 9 or more out of 10 compared to an average of 28% across the ten countries as a whole, with similar figures for written reviews.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.3. Reviews and ratings are somewhat trusted
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This figure is highest in Germany and Turkey, but noticeably lower in Chile (49%).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.4. Bilateral feedback
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Resolution attempts are most successful in the United States (80% full or partial) and notably less successful in Norway (where 29% tried but failed to get resolution), and among heavy users (23%, possibly reflecting higher expectations in this latter group).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.2. Less than half of problems are fully resolved
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Those who have experienced problems use two main routes to recourse, almost equally -44% tried to resolve the issue directly with the seller/provider and 42% through the platform's resolution centre.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.2. Less than half of problems are fully resolved
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite few PPM consumers reading privacy policies in full, peer platform consumers do, on the whole, trust peer platforms with their data, at least as compared to other companies that process significant amounts of personal data.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.5. The importance of personal data protection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although it is apparent that users of transport platforms are no more or less likely on average to place importance on reviews and ratings, they are the most likely to trust the ratings and reviews on the platform they were asked about.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.3. Reviews and ratings are somewhat trusted
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“• As noted earlier, good ratings or reviews are not always essential -as many as 42% say they sometimes ignore feedback if they really want the item or service, especially younger PPM consumers.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.3. Reviews and ratings are somewhat trusted
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By contrast, the motivations for leaving feedback are more varied, although similar in the case of both ratings and reviews.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The exception is Mexico, where a slim majority of 52% claim to read the terms and conditions first (Australia being at the other end of the scale, with 68% saying they skip them or just scan them).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.5. The importance of personal data protection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A majority (73%) of PPM consumers believe that the platform they had in mind will treat their data responsibly, with most giving peer platforms 7 or more out of 10 for this, though 30% of PPM consumers did not agree.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.5. The importance of personal data protection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“1.There is a relationship between income groups and resolution routes, with those in the lowest 20% of incomes more likely to have used direct contact with the seller/provider (52%), while those on the highest 20% of incomes used the platform's resolution centre more (49%).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.2. Less than half of problems are fully resolved
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“• Bilateral systems can influence the ratings given -a significant minority of users admit to sometimes exaggerating their ratings of sellers/providers knowing they can be rated themselves (45% positively, 33% negatively), but in both cases this phenomena is more common among 18-30 year olds (52% and 40% respectively, compared to 22% and 12% among older users), and light users.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.4. Bilateral feedback
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“• Attitudes are remarkably consistent when comparing light and heavy PPM users -the only significant difference is that heavy users are more opinionated about whether dishonest or fake reviews are a problem -6% more agree and 5% more disagree.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.3. Reviews and ratings are somewhat trusted
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“• Most PPM consumers (70%) will only consider sellers/providers with a good overall rating (75% among consumers of transport platforms), so ratings are important.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.3. Reviews and ratings are somewhat trusted
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consumers who take the effort to read the terms and conditions are the most confident about their rights if something goes wrong with a PPM transaction -though one cannot infer that the former causes the latter, especially as the question around terms and conditions was rooted in the context of privacy policies.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.5. The importance of personal data protection
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is also noticeably higher among younger consumers (18-39 year olds: 49%) compared to those aged 65 years and older (33%), and light PPM users compared to heavy PPM users.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.4. Consumers are not always confident they know their rights
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While a minority of consumers view ratings and reviews as”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“• Only a minority (39%) prefer one-way rating systems, although this varies by type of user, with more younger consumers preferring them (46%), than heavy users (33 %) or older consumers (19%).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.4. Bilateral feedback
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“• Dishonest or fake feedback can be a problem -around half of consumers believe that dishonest or fake reviews are a problem, with this belief being stronger for younger consumers (56% of younger PPM consumers compared to 40% among those aged 65 years and above).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.3. Reviews and ratings are somewhat trusted
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The majority of consumers trust reviews and ratings, but not totally.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.3. Reviews and ratings are somewhat trusted
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.5. Expenditure on peer platforms
plaincorrelational- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This pattern is similar across all countries, though it is worth noting that lack of awareness is the highest in Germany and Japan (64% each).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 9.5. Non-users are held back by more than just a lack of awareness
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“• Norwegians are more likely to be unwilling to use the platform in question (15%), similar platforms (12%) and peer platforms in general (8%).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.3. Problems do not result in consumers disengaging
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the figures show, the main reasons consumers give for non-use is a mixture of lack of awareness and a lack of trust -both in the platforms and the seller/providers.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 9.5. Non-users are held back by more than just a lack of awareness
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The exception, as has often been the case in the survey results, is Japan, where levels of pronounced trust are minimal (3% of 9 or 10/10 compared to 18%) and distrust more pronounced (21% of 0-4/10 compared to 12%).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 9.4. An absence of trust in peer platforms, but not actual distrust
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, as noted in Section 5.1, there is a net positive balance of +22% (those that trust PPMs more minus those that trust PPMs less), and this figure holds up among those who have experienced problems (+24%).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.3. Problems do not result in consumers disengaging
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The data also show that older online consumers are marginally less convinced they will become users in the next year, and in addition that those on higher incomes consider themselves more likely to convert their interest in terms of purchases (38% very likely compared to 26% of those with lower incomes).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 9.3. The vast majority consider they will "convert" in the next 12 months
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likelihood levels are the highest in Turkey, where nearly half of respondents think they are extremely likely to use such a platform, and unsurprisingly the lowest in Japan, where peer platforms are far less a part of the online environment than they are in other countries.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 9.3. The vast majority consider they will "convert" in the next 12 months
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A large number just haven't got round to it (33%), others haven't been able to find the right thing (27%), while still others aren't confident enough yet to use the platforms (22%)arguably all reasons that might be overcome with time.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 9.2. No single reason seems to be holding potential consumers back
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“• Light users are more likely to act more cautiously, but this again usually falls short of an unwillingness to use at all.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.3. Problems do not result in consumers disengaging
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The 2016 OECD Recommendation on Consumer Protection in E-commerce recognises this and sets forth key principles designed to enhance consumer trust in e-commerce generally and in new types of digital business models such as PPMs (OECD, 2016b).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites OECD, 2016b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Peer consumers can encounter issues of trust in many different contexts: trust into the reliability and qualifications of the peer provider; trust in the asset or service; and trust in the guarantees and safeguards offered by the peer platform.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites OECD, 2016a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“the 2016 report noted the current lack of evidence and data in relation to consumer detriment in PPMs (OECD, 2016a).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites OECD, 2016a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These figures are estimates, as survey participants selected from a price range rather providing a precise amount and averages are arithmetic means (and hence, they are affected by extreme values).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.5. Expenditure on peer platforms
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Many of these factors are likely to be important for any online business, not just peer platforms (OECD, 2014).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Consumer trust in peer platforms is derived from multiple factors
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites OECD, 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This ensured that the sample going in to Q1 was representative of the respective online population in terms of these two dimensions, and therefore the profile of PPM consumers coming out of Q1 was representative of PPM consumers in that country.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 2. Methodology
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The second and third are Mexico and Turkey, where higher average expenditures may reflect the fact that PPM consumers in these countries have disproportionately higher incomes than the population as a whole.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 3.5. Expenditure on peer platforms
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the end of the fieldwork, the research firm weighted the unweighted samples from each country to reflect the approximate profile of the online population of each country in terms of age and gender.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 2. Methodology
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The survey responses suggest that when using PPMs, trust in the seller/provider offering the item or service is important, but not essential for a consumer to go ahead with a transaction.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.4. Trust in the seller/provider is important, but not crucial
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“PPM consumers trust peer platforms enough to engage in transactions even if they are not confident that they know their rights if something goes wrong in a transaction.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 6.4. Consumers are not always confident they know their rights
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Examined at from a different angle, it is again clear that trust in the seller/provider is desirable, but far from essential.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.5. Platforms (or lower prices) help counteract doubts in sellers/providers
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, since more than 26% of consumers have experienced problems (see Section 9), it is clear that consumers do not always provide negative feedback when they have experienced a problem (though the same may be true for positive experiences).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but this may simply reflect the fact that they are more likely to have experienced problems with PPM transactions in the first place, as is described below in Section 9.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More consumers from Norway (where the frequency of transactions among PPM consumers was the highest) reported problems than consumers in Japan (where usage levels were the lowest), suggesting these national differences may have more to do with usage levels than any inherent in-market problems.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.1. Consumers do experience problems
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analysis by market is not possible since participants were asked about any problems they had experienced in general, rather than with regards to individual markets.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.1. Consumers do experience problems
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, the survey did not inquire about the nature of the problems that PPM consumers experienced, which might have shed light no why consumers do not always leave feedback when they experience certain problems.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, heavy users tended to select many reasons for leaving feedback, suggesting perhaps the greater value they see in leaving feedback no matter the reason for it.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In a similar vein, the survey results suggest that reviews and ratings are important, but not always crucial to the decision of whether to go ahead with a transaction.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, the survey does not measure the total number of PPM transactions undertaken by consumers.Hence, the proportion of problematic transactions cannot be calculated.This means comparisons cannot readily be made between problems encountered in PPMs, in ecommerce or in consumer markets more generally.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.1. Consumers do experience problems
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bilateral reputation and rating mechanisms serve as a useful heuristic, but consumers are aware of (and may engage in) attempts to”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Additional information
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Research Now's panel, like all online panels, provides a convenient way of accessing a representative sample of online consumers, rather than using a purely random sample of the population.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The survey did not define”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > SELECT ONE MARKET -EXCLUDING FINANCE -AT RANDOM FROM Q46 TO TAKE FORWARD FOR Q47 AND Q49.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another question the survey explored is the hypothesis that a lack of trust is not the key reason in keeping those who have considered PPMs from actually completing a transaction on them.When asked -without any prompts -what might persuade them to use a PPM in the next 12 months or so, the most common responses had to do with products and prices rather than trust.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 9.4. An absence of trust in peer platforms, but not actual distrust
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Japan, it would seem that PPMs have been slow to establish themselves and still have hard work ahead of them to establish widespread trust.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 9.4. An absence of trust in peer platforms, but not actual distrust
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This may be in part because consumers are uncertain as to what data-related risks they may face or accept powerlessness in this respect as an inevitable consequence of engaging in the digital economy.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5. The data dimension is not that important to trust in peer platform markets
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Aside from the guidance of”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > SELECT ONE MARKET -EXCLUDING FINANCE -AT RANDOM FROM Q46 TO TAKE FORWARD FOR Q47 AND Q49.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The percentages given are an average of the individual percentages for each of the ten countries in the survey, since the number of non-users in Japan was disproportionately large and so would have distorted the total figure if a simple percentage of total respondents were used.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 9.5. Non-users are held back by more than just a lack of awareness
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, at the same time, the findings suggest that it is not so much that there is a level of distrust (scores of 0-4 out of 10), but more that there are just lower levels of positive trust (scores of 7+ out of 10), as indeed might be expected given that these consumers have already explored the idea of using such platforms.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 9.4. An absence of trust in peer platforms, but not actual distrust
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The trust that consumers assign to a peer platform's brand will have a strong relationship to/be a reflection of the trust-building mechanisms it has implemented (i.e.where these are absent or deemed weak, the brand capital is diminished).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 9.5. Non-users are held back by more than just a lack of awareness
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consumers could interpret the meaning of”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Additional information
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“another way, the platform brand may function as a backstop that reduces the transaction costs inherent in establishing the trustworthiness of a peer.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 9.5. Non-users are held back by more than just a lack of awareness
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This may be a factor in enabling consumers to put considerations of price and convenience above considerations of trust in the peer provider.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Additional information
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Peer platform markets have grown exponentially in recent years.
“Although PPMs have grown exponentially in the last few years”
The paper relies on this without support.
Trust is often fundamental to ensuring that new ways of doing business are adopted by consumers.
“Consumer trust is often fundamental to ensuring that new ways of doing business are adopted by consumers, for the benefit of consumers and businesses alike.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Participants on both sides of a peer platform transaction may be individuals with little information about each other, except for the information available from the platform itself.
“This is because participants on both sides of the transaction may be individuals with little information about each other, except for the information available from the platform itself.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.5. Platforms (or lower prices) help counteract doubts in sellers/providers
“The importance of a sense of personal safety (described in more detail in Section 7) emerges when the figures are looked at by market, with transport consumers being the most cautious of all.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 5.5. Platforms (or lower prices) help counteract doubts in sellers/providers
“Table 5.4.Willingness to transact (%), by market (Q12) Made a purchase when unsure the seller/provider could be trusted Buying items Transport Accommodation Sharing items Personal tasks Yes 45 57 34 27 53”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.1. Consumers do experience problems
“Table 8.1.Where responsibility for problems was felt to lie (%) (Q21) Country Seller/provider Peer-to-peer platform Both Average of ten countries 66 18 13 Australia 73 12 13 Canada 74 13 19”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > SELECT ONE MARKET -EXCLUDING FINANCE -AT RANDOM FROM Q46 TO TAKE FORWARD FOR Q47 AND Q49.
“SINGLE CODE • The peer-to-peer platform • The individual seller/provider • Both the peer-to-peer platform service and the individual seller/provider • Don't know/can't remember”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
“In the case of both ratings and written reviews, consumers in Germany and Mexico are more likely to leave feedback (74% of German PPM consumers leave ratings "always" or "often", and 62% leave reviews "always" or "often"; these proportions are 77% and 33% in Mexico).”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 7.1. Ratings and reviews are important to consumers
“Norwegian consumers are less likely to leave feedback with only 54% leaving ratings "always" or "often" and 44% leaving written reviews "always" or "often".”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > Things do go wrong -but consumers do not disengage as a result
“PPMs resolve less than half of consumers' problems.”
§ TRUST IN PEER PLATFORM MARKETS: CONSUMER SURVEY FINDINGS OECD DIGITAL ECONOMY PAPERS > 8.2. Less than half of problems are fully resolved
“As Table 8.2 shows, although resolution was reached in the majority of cases, for many consumers it was only resolved to their partial (27%) rather than full (46%) satisfaction.”
Citations
Cites
OECD Recommendation of the Council on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce
(2016) · doi:10.1787/9789264255258-en · Cited by 75
Self-citationConsumer Policy Guidance on Mobile and Online Payments
(2014) · OECD Digital Economy Papers · doi:10.1787/5jz432cl1ns7-en · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Artificial intelligence, its diffusion and uses in manufacturing
Nolan, A. (2021) · OECD going digital toolkit notes · doi:10.1787/249e2003-en · Cited by 37
Kergroach, S. (2021) · OECD going digital toolkit notes · doi:10.1787/c91088a4-en · Cited by 32
Improving online disclosures with behavioural insights
OECD (2018) · OECD digital economy papers · doi:10.1787/39026ff4-en · Cited by 15
Self-citationMeasuring financial consumer detriment in e-commerce
OECD (2022) · OECD digital economy papers · doi:10.1787/4055c40e-en · Cited by 9
Self-citationThe role of online marketplaces in protecting and empowering consumers
(2022) · doi:10.1787/9d8cc586-en · Cited by 8
Self-citationEnhancing online disclosure effectiveness
OECD (2022) · OECD digital economy papers · doi:10.1787/6d7ea79c-en · Cited by 9
Self-citationThe role of online marketplaces in enhancing consumer protection
(2021) · doi:10.1787/ddca0e2e-en · Cited by 6
Measuring consumer detriment and the impact of consumer policy
OECD (2020) · OECD digital economy papers · doi:10.1787/0c2e643b-en · Cited by 6
Self-citationDigitalizing infrastructure: active management for smarter networks
Montero, J., & Finger, M. (2021) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781839106057.00007 · Cited by 4
Wan, S. K., & Sam, A. F. (2024) · Journal of Marketing Analytics · doi:10.1057/s41270-024-00359-2 · Cited by 3
OECD (2019) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/c285121d-en · Cited by 1
Self-citationTrust in Other People and the Usage of Peer Platform MarketsPreprint
van der Cruijsen, C. A. B., Doll, M., & van Hoenselaar, F. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3259329 · Cited by 1
Sharing Economy Phenomenon in the Digitization Era
Revenko, L. S., & Revenko, N. S. (2019) · Journal of Siberian Federal University Humanities & Social Sciences · doi:10.17516/1997-1370-0416 · Cited by 1
Do Sharing Economy Platforms Foster Trust in Others? Evidence from a Survey ExperimentPreprint
Nguyen, G. D., Déjean, S., & Pénard, T. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3304528
Ojha, A., & Kumar, D. S. (2026) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-03-2025-0190
Metadata
- Authors
- OECD
- Corresponding author
- OECD
- Venue
- OECD Digital Economy Papers
- Published
- 2017-11-07
- ISSN
- 2071-6826 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4236356504
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- OECD digital economy papers (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Sharing Economy and Platforms
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Digital Platforms and Economics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Economy and Work Transformation
- Keywords
- consumer trust, consumer protection, peer-to-peer platforms, trust mechanisms, consumer behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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