Fluctuation in the Levels of Immunoglobulin M and Immunoglobulin G Antibodies for Cardiolipin and β2-Glycoprotein among Healthy Pregnant Women
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Antiphospholipid antibodies fluctuate during a healthy normal pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the levels of both immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies for cardiolipin and β2-glycoprotein (β2GP) among healthy pregnant women. METHODS: This study was conducted between May 2010 and December 2012. A total of 75 healthy Omani pregnant women with no history of autoimmune disease were investigated during their pregnancy and 90 days after delivery at the Armed Forces Hospital in Muscat, Oman. A control group of 75 healthy Omani non-pregnant women were also investigated as a comparison. Levels of IgM and IgG antibodies for both anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACAs) and β2GP were measured using a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The ACA IgM levels were significantly higher in the control group compared to the pregnant women (P <0.001). No significant differences were observed in the ACA IgM levels between the control group and the pregnant women after delivery. In contrast, ACA IgG levels were significantly higher during pregnancy and after delivery compared with those of the healthy control group (P = 0.007 and 0.002, respectively). The levels of β2GP IgG were significantly higher during pregnancy than after delivery and in the control group (P = 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: In this study, ACA IgG levels increased during healthy pregnancies and after normal deliveries whereas β2GP IgG levels increased transiently during the pregnancies. Both phenomena were found to be significantly associated with a transient decline in the levels of IgM specific for these antigens. Therefore, the levels of these antibodies may be regulated during a healthy pregnancy.
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LA positivity can fluctuate over time, with or without systemic lupus erythematosus, and during pregnancy it may decrease or increase.
“LA positivity may fluctuate over time with or without the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus 22,23 and during pregnancy, either decreasing or increasing.22,24,25”
From Guidance from the Scientific and Standardization Committee for lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibodies of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
The Results and Discussion report changing anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein antibody levels during healthy pregnancy, including increases in IgG and a transient decrease in IgM. They do not establish that lupus anticoagulant (LA) positivity fluctuates, either during pregnancy or in people with or without systemic lupus erythematosus. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Devreese, K. M. J., de Groot, P. G., de Laat, B., Erkan, D., Favaloro, E. J., Mackie, I., Martinuzzo, M., Ortel, T. L., Pengo, V., Rand, J. H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.15047 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Al-Balushi, M. S., Hasson, S. S., Said, E. A., Al-Busaidi, J. Z., Al-Daihani, M. S., Othman, M. S., Sallam, T. A., Idris, M. A., Al-Kalbani, M., Woodhouse, N., & Al-Jabri, A. A.
- Affiliations
- Sultan Qaboos University (OM)
- Al Baha University (SA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sultan Qaboos University medical journal
- Publisher
- Sultan Qaboos University
- Published
- 2014-10-14
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 478-485
- ISSN
- 2075-051X (ISSN-L)
- 2075-0528
- PMC
- PMC4205059
- OpenAlex
- W272961318
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 0.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Sultan Qaboos University medical journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- PubMed
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Keywords
- antiphospholipid antibodies, anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies, immunoglobulin M, IgG, pregnancy, postpartum period, healthy pregnant women, Omani women
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