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Provincial patterns of contraceptive use in China
Abstract
This examination of provincial contraceptive use in China finds that patterns are similar in the least and most developed provinces. The pattern has been dominated by use of the IUD and other user-controlled methods rather than sterilization. Provinces midway in the level of socioeconomic development are characterized by high sterilization use followed by IUD use and low use of other methods. Persons in the most developed provinces choose contraceptives based on personal preferences. In the least developed provinces flexible methods are selected due to the tradition among ethnic minorities for larger families. Contraceptive use patterns are obtained from a 10% subsample randomly drawn from 467,162 women 15-57 years old responding to the 1988 Two Per Thousand Fertility and Birth Control Survey of China, conducted by the Family Planning Commission. The study period is 1979-88, and the sample includes only currently married women who had at least one child since 1979 (12,296 women). The study period begins with the one child family planning policy and economic reform. Population policies and regulations shifted from stringent centralized implementation to decentralized units. Local areas adopted their own regulations. 14 out of 29 provinces required couples to use an IUD after the birth of their first child and sterilization after their second child. The policy that requires "all pregnant women without a birth quota (permit) to end their pregnancies by means of abortion" is in force in Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Yunnan, and Guizhou provinces. Abortion is a "should" rather than a "requirement" in 14 other provinces. Mass mobilization campaigns were an alternative measure to achieve change. National rates of use indicate that about 50% of contraceptive users were sterilized, and 40% depended on IUDs. It is considered unlikely that socioeconomic development would have such an immediate and marked effect on contraceptive use patterns in a short period of time.
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Intrauterine devices and sterilizations together account for more than 90 percent of contraceptive methods used in China since the mid-1980s.
“There is heavy reliance on longterm contraception, with intrauterine devices and sterilizations together accounting for more than 90 percent of contraceptive methods used since the mid-1980s. 4,6”
From The Effect of China's One-Child Family Policy after 25 Years (2005) · cites this paper as [4]
For the majority of women in China, no choice in contraception is offered; 80 percent of women in a recent large study said they had no choice and just accepted the method recommended by the family-planning worker.
“For the majority of women, no choice in contraception is offered; 80 percent of women in a recent large study said they had no choice and just accepted the method recommended by the family-planning worker. 4”
From The Effect of China's One-Child Family Policy after 25 Years (2005) · cites this paper as [4]
A total of 87 percent of all married women in China use contraception, compared with about one third in most developing countries.
“A total of 87 percent of all married women use contraception 4 ; this statistic compares with about one third in most developing countries. 5”
From The Effect of China's One-Child Family Policy after 25 Years (2005) · cites this paper as [4]
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The Effect of China's One-Child Family Policy after 25 Years
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Chen, J., Retherford, R. D., Choe, M. K., Xiru, L., & Cui, H. (2009) · ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa) · Cited by 1
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yang, Q.
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Quanhe
- ORCID
- Yang, Quanhe
- Venue
- Asia-Pacific Population Journal
- Publisher
- United Nations Publications
- Published
- 1994-12-21
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 0259-238X (ISSN-L)
- 1564-4278
- OpenAlex
- W112461902
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2015: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Asia-Pacific population journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
- Keywords
- contraceptive use, intrauterine devices, sterilization, family planning policy, one-child policy, socio-economic development, provincial variation, ethnic minorities, abortion policy, China, women's contraceptive choice
- MeSH terms
- Asia, Birth Rate, China, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Demography, Developing Countries, Family Planning Services, Asia, Eastern, Fertility, Population, Population Dynamics, Public Policy, Research, Family Planning Policy
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