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Biochemical Basis of Cyfluthrin and DDT Resistance in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malarious Area of Iran
Open accessAbstract
Background: Anopheles stephensi is a key urban malaria vector in the Indian subcontinent and Middle East including south and southeast of Iran. Wide application of insecticides resulted in resistance of this species to various insecticides in these regions. This study was conducted to reveal the role of metabolic mechanisms in the development of resistance in An. stephensi to DDT and cyfluthrin. Methods: Field mosquito specimens were collected from Chabahar Seaport, southeast corner of Iran, in 2015. Insecticide susceptibility and enzyme assays were conducted as recommended by WHO. Results: Mean enzyme ratios were 3.95 and 3.04 for α- esterases and 2.40 and 1.97 for β- esterases in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations correspondingly compared with the susceptible strain. The GSTs enzyme mean activity ratios were 5.07 and 2.55 in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations compared with the susceptible beech strain. The cytochrome p450s enzyme ratios were 1.11 and 1.28 in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations respectively compared with the susceptible beech strain. Conclusion: Metabolic mechanisms play a crucial role in the development of DDT and cyfluthrin resistance in An. stephensi, therefore, further evaluation of the mechanisms involved as well as implementation of proper insecticide resistance management strategies are recommended.
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Involvement of GSTs, esterases and cytochrome p450s in DDT and pyrethroid insecticide resistance was revealed in a study involving An. stephensi adults that underwent selection for DDT and cyfluthrin.
“Involvement of GSTs, esterases and cytochrome p450s in DDT and pyrethroid insecticide resistance was also revealed in a study involving An. stephensi adults that underwent selection for DDT and cyfluthrin [89].”
From Evolution of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in Anopheles stephensi in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (2020) · cites this paper as [89]
The Selection process and Biochemical assays sections report DDT- and cyfluthrin-selected An. stephensi populations, with significantly higher esterase and GST activity than the susceptible strain. The Biochemical assays section also measured P450s, but says the difference in mean P450 content was not significant; this study therefore does not establish P450 involvement in resistance in those populations. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDDT resistance in Iran and many other countries is primarily GST-related.
“DDT resistance in Iran and many other countries is primarily GST-related [43, 62, 84–86, 89].”
From Evolution of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in Anopheles stephensi in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (2020) · cites this paper as [89]
The Results (Biochemical assays; page unavailable) report elevated GST activity in DDT-resistant Anopheles stephensi from southeastern Iran, supporting a GST contribution. The Discussion also implicates esterases and lists them before GST when describing their roles; it does not establish that resistance is primarily GST-related in Iran or many other countries. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe involvement of esterases in insecticide resistance in An. stephensi from Iran, Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan is documented.
“The involvement of esterases in insecticide resistance in An. stephensi from Iran, Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan is documented in several papers [34, 36, 47, 87, 89, 90, 102, 103].”
From Evolution of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in Anopheles stephensi in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (2020) · cites this paper as [89]
The Discussion (page not available) links elevated esterase activity to insecticide resistance in An. stephensi from Chabahar, Iran, and says a similar finding was reported in Afghanistan. The Introduction mentions resistance in India and Pakistan, but does not establish esterase involvement in populations from those countries. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Amin Gorouhi, M., Ali Oshaghi, M., Vatandoost, H., Ali Enayati, A., Raeisi, A., Reza Abai, M., Salim-Abadie, Y., Ali Hanafi-Bojd, A., Paksa, A., & Nikpoor, F.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Environmental Research (IR)
- Ministry of Health and Medical Education (IR)
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Venue
- Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases
- Publisher
- Knowledge E DMCC
- Published
- 2018-10-08
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 310-320
- ISSN
- 1735-7179 (ISSN-L)
- 2322-2271
- PMC
- PMC6297723
- OpenAlex
- W2894618828
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 2.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Journal of arthropod-borne diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- Keywords
- Anopheles stephensi, DDT resistance, insecticide resistance, esterase, glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450, mosquito vectors, urban malaria, insecticide resistance management
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