The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE): Implementation in Stata
Open accessAbstract
Missing data are a common occurrence in real datasets. For epidemiological and prognostic factors studies in medicine, multiple imputation is becoming the standard route to estimating models with missing covariate data under a missing-at-random assumption. We describe ice, an implementation in Stata of the MICE approach to multiple imputation. Real data from an observational study in ovarian cancer are used to illustrate the most important of the many options available with ice. We remark briefly on the new database architecture and procedures for multiple imputation introduced in releases 11 and 12 of Stata.
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“We used multiple imputation to deal with potential missing data biases, imputing 20 complete data sets using chained equations [50].”
From Electronic media use and academic performance in late childhood: A longitudinal study (2020) · cites this paper as [50]
Citations
Cites
Statistical Analysis With Missing Data
Lahiff, M., Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289883 · Cited by 17,385
Multiple imputation using chained equations: Issues and guidance for practice
White, I. R., Royston, P., & Wood, A. M. (2011) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4067 · Cited by 9,792
Self-citationSterne, J. A. C., White, I. R., Carlin, J. B., Spratt, M., Royston, P., Kenward, M. G., Wood, A. M., & Carpenter, J. R. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2393 · Cited by 7,299
Self-citationAnalysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
Booth, D. E., & Schafer, J. L. (2000) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1271466 · Cited by 5,627
Schafer, J. L. (1999) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/096228029900800102 · Cited by 3,949
Multiple imputation of discrete and continuous data by fully conditional specification
van Buuren, S. (2007) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280206074463 · Cited by 2,827
Multiple Imputation of Missing Values
Royston, P. (2004) · The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata · doi:10.1177/1536867x0400400301 · Cited by 2,340 · cited 4×
“As described by Royston (2005b), to satisfy the normality assumption for a continuous variable, a transformation toward normality may be effective.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationMultiple Imputation of Missing Values: Update
Royston, P. (2005) · The Stata Journal Promoting communications on statistics and Stata · doi:10.1177/1536867x0500500204 · Cited by 1,683
Self-citationFully conditional specification in multivariate imputation
Van Buuren, S., Brand, J. P. L., Groothuis-Oudshoorn, C. G. M., & Rubin, D. B. (2006) · Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation · doi:10.1080/10629360600810434 · Cited by 1,217
Multiple Imputation of Missing Values: Update of Ice
Royston, P. J. (2005) · The Stata Journal Promoting communications on statistics and Stata · doi:10.1177/1536867x0500500404 · Cited by 1,038
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Sorted by citations
mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R
Buuren, S. V., & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v045.i03 · Cited by 13,870
“The ice software (Royston 2004, 2005; Royston and White 2011) is a widely used implementation in Stata.”
MethodPrincipled missing data methods for researchers
Dong, Y., & Peng, C.-Y. J. (2013) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-222 · Cited by 2,208
Paul, E., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. E. (2020) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2020.100012 · Cited by 1,014
Accounting for missing data in statistical analyses: multiple imputation is not always the answer
Hughes, R. A., Heron, J., Sterne, J. A. C., & Tilling, K. (2019) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyz032 · Cited by 802
Mars, B., Heron, J., Klonsky, E. D., Moran, P., O'Connor, R. C., Tilling, K., Wilkinson, P., & Gunnell, D. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30030-6 · Cited by 546
Metadata
- Authors
- Royston, P., & White, I.
- Venue
- Journal of Statistical Software
- Publisher
- Foundation for Open Access Statistic
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 1548-7660 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1781481323
- Cited by
- 1,248
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 134 · 2021: 159 · 2020: 119 · 2019: 107 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 20.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Statistical Software (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Data Analysis with R
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Keywords
- multiple imputation, chained equations, mice, missing data, missing at random, Stata, ovarian cancer, database architecture
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