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NbClust : An R Package for Determining the Relevant Number of Clusters in a Data Set
Open accessAbstract
Clustering is the partitioning of a set of objects into groups (clusters) so that objects within a group are more similar to each others than objects in different groups. Most of the clustering algorithms depend on some assumptions in order to define the subgroups present in a data set. As a consequence, the resulting clustering scheme requires some sort of evaluation as regards its validity. The evaluation procedure has to tackle difficult problems such as the quality of clusters, the degree with which a clustering scheme fits a specific data set and the optimal number of clusters in a partitioning. In the literature, a wide variety of indices have been proposed to find the optimal number of clusters in a partitioning of a data set during the clustering process. However, for most of indices proposed in the literature, programs are unavailable to test these indices and compare them. The R package NbClust has been developed for that purpose. It provides 30 indices which determine the number of clusters in a data set and it offers also the best clustering scheme from different results to the user. In addition, it provides a function to perform k-means and hierarchical clustering with different distance measures and aggregation methods. Any combination of validation indices and clustering methods can be requested in a single function call. This enables the user to simultaneously evaluate several clustering schemes while varying the number of clusters, to help determining the most appropriate number of clusters for the data set of interest.
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“Convergent evidence from silhouette width, elbow and gap statistics supported a three-cluster solution that balanced cohesion and separation (Charrad et al., 2014; Rousseeuw, 1987).”
From A tridimensional model of AI literacy: An empirical analysis of student performance and demographic patterns in higher education (2025) · cites this paper as Charrad et al., 2014
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Metadata
- Authors
- Charrad, M., Ghazzali, N., Boiteau, V., & Niknafs, A.
- Affiliations
- Centre d'études et de recherche en informatique et communications (FR)
- ORCID
- Charrad, Malika
- Venue
- Journal of Statistical Software
- Publisher
- Foundation for Open Access Statistic
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1-36
- ISSN
- 1548-7660 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1944603233
- Cited by
- 3,396
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 256 · 2025: 403 · 2024: 411 · 2023: 455 · 2022: 435 · 2021: 421 · 2020: 418 · 2019: 216 · 2018: 167 · 2017: 106 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 71.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Statistical Software (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Data Analysis with R
- Keywords
- optimal number of clusters, cluster validity indices, cluster validation, K-means clustering, hierarchical clustering, R package, distance measures, aggregation methods
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