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THE USE OF MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS IN TAXONOMIC PROBLEMS
Open accessAbstract
The articles published by the Annals of Eugenics (1925–1954) have been made available online as an historical archive intended for scholarly use. The work of eugenicists was often pervaded by prejudice against racial, ethnic and disabled groups. The online publication of this material for scholarly research purposes is not an endorsement of those views nor a promotion of eugenics in any way.
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The optimal Bayesian solution for two normal distributed populations is a quadratic decision function.
“showed that the optimal (Bayesian) solution is a quadratic decision function:”
From Support-vector networks (1995) · cites this paper as Fisher, 1936
Section I (‘Discriminant Functions’; page unavailable) says the paper concerns linear functions by which populations are best discriminated. Section II (‘Arithmetical Procedure’; page unavailable) explicitly seeks a linear function of four measurements that maximizes separation between two iris species. The paper does not present the attributed quadratic Bayesian solution; it describes a linear discriminant instead. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFisher recommended using the linear discriminator function even in the case of unequal covariance matrices.
“Fisher therefore recommended, even in the case of ~1 ~ ~32, to use the linear discriminator function (2) with ~ of the form:”
From Support-vector networks (1995) · cites this paper as Fisher, 1936
In the case where the number of observations is small (say less than 10 n^2), estimating o(n^2) parameters is not reliable.
“In the case where the number of observations is small (say less than 10 n 2) estimating o(n z) parameters is not reliable.”
From Support-vector networks (1995) · cites this paper as Fisher, 1936
The Arithmetic Procedure and Additional information passages describe Fisher’s four-measurement iris analysis and its degrees of freedom, but do not give a minimum observation count for reliable parameter estimation. Searches for the proposed 10n² threshold and for a general small-sample reliability rule found no passage addressing either point in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Randolph L. F., 1934, Chromosome numbers in native American and introduced species and cultivated varieties of Iris, Bull. Amer. Iris Soc., 52, 61
- Anderson Edgar, 1935, The irises of the Gaspe Peninsula, Bull. Amer. Iris Soc., 59, 2
- Anderson Edgar(1936). “The species problem in Iris.Ann. Mo. bot. Gdn. (in the Press). · DOI
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Metadata
- Authors
- FISHER, R. A.
- Corresponding author
- FISHER, R. A.
- Venue
- Annals of Eugenics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1936-09
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 179-188
- ISSN
- 2050-1420 (ISSN-L)
- 2050-1439
- OpenAlex
- W2001619934
- Cited by
- 15,227
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 637 · 2025: 633 · 2024: 594 · 2023: 604 · 2022: 639 · 2021: 711 · 2020: 753 · 2019: 779 · 2018: 699 · 2017: 602 · 2016: 584 · 2015: 639 · 2014: 620 · 2013: 577 · 2012: 545
- FWCI
- 12.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of Eugenics (publishedVersion)
- Rothamsted Repository (Rothamsted Repository) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research
- Keywords
- multiple measurements, taxonomic classification, iris, morphological variation, species identification
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