A Semantics-aware Transformer Model of Relation Linking for Knowledge Base Question Answering
Open accessAbstract
Tahira Naseem, Srinivas Ravishankar, Nandana Mihindukulasooriya, Ibrahim Abdelaziz, Young-Suk Lee, Pavan Kapanipathi, Salim Roukos, Alfio Gliozzo, Alexander Gray. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers). 2021.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Existing relation linking methods mainly rely on textual similarities between natural language and knowledge graph to build relation links.
“Existing methods mainly rely on the textual similarities between NL and KG to build relation links.”
From Implicit Relation Linking for Question Answering over Knowledge Graph (2022) · cites this paper as Naseem et al., 2021
The Introduction says relation linking is addressed primarily using question text, and Related Work says most earlier methods rely on question text or its dependency parse. Neither passage establishes that these methods mainly rely on textual similarity between natural language and knowledge-graph labels; Related Work instead describes a range of rules and NLP tools. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSimReL reports its F1-score improvement on LC-QuAD as 2.4%.
“As a reference, SimReL reports its F1-score improvement on LC-QuAD as 2.4% (Naseem et al., 2021).”
From Implicit Relation Linking for Question Answering over Knowledge Graph (2022) · cites this paper as Naseem et al., 2021
The Results and Discussion section reports that incorporating AMR into relation linking improved the NSQA system’s F1 on the LC-QuAD 1.0 test set by 2.4, reaching 44.5. It does not describe this as a 2.4% relative improvement, and the reported gain is for the integrated KBQA system rather than SemReL’s standalone relation-linking F1. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSimReL uses AMR for question representation and employs a Siamese network with BERT to link relations in an end-to-end manner.
“SimReL (Naseem et al., 2021) also uses AMR for question representation, and employs a Siamese network with BERT to link relations in an end-to-end manner.”
From Implicit Relation Linking for Question Answering over Knowledge Graph (2022) · cites this paper as Naseem et al., 2021
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/n19-1423 · Cited by 48,293 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 21
- Ramón Fernandez Astudillo, Miguel Ballesteros, Tahira Naseem, Austin Blodgett, and Radu Flo- rian. 2020. Transition-based parsing with stack- transformers. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020, page 1001-1007.
- Dennis Diefenbach, Thomas Pellissier Tanon, Ka- mal Deep Singh, and Pierre Maret. 2017. Question answering benchmarks for wikidata. In Proceedings of the ISWC 2017 Posters & Demonstrations and In- dustry Tracks co-located with 16th International Se- mantic Web Conference (ISWC 2017), Vienna, Aus- tria, October 23rd -to -25th, 2017.
- Mohnish Dubey, Debayan Banerjee, Abdelrahman Ab- delkawi, and Jens Lehmann. 2019. LC-QuAD 2.0: A Large Dataset for Complex Question Answering over Wikidata and DBpedia. In The Semantic Web - ISWC 2019 -18th International Semantic Web Con- ference, Auckland, New Zealand, October 26-30, 2019, Proceedings, Part II, volume 11779 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 69-78. Springer. · DOI
- Mohnish Dubey, Debayan Banerjee, Debanjan Chaud- huri, and Jens Lehmann. 2018. Earl: joint entity and relation linking for question answering over knowl- edge graphs. In ISWC, pages 108-126.
- Pavan Kapanipathi, Ibrahim Abdelaziz, Srinivas Rav- ishankar, Salim Roukos, Alexander Gray, Ramon Astudillo, Maria Chang, Cristina Cornelio, Saswati Dana, Achille Fokoue, et al. 2021. Leveraging ab- stract meaning representation for knowledge base- question answering. Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2021.
- Young-Suk Lee, Ramon Astuillo, Tahira Naseem, Re- vanth Reddy, Radu Florian, and Salim Roukos. 2020. Pushing the limits of amr parsing with self-learning. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020, page 3208-3214.
- Jungwoo Lim, Dongsuk Oh, Yoonna Jang, Kisu Yang, and Heuiseok Lim. 2020. I know what you asked: Graph path learning using amr for commonsense rea- soning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.00766. · arXiv
- Xueling Lin, Haoyang Li, Hao Xin, Zijian Li, and Lei Chen. 2020. Kbpearl: a knowledge base population system supported by joint entity and relation linking. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 13(7):1035- 1049.
- Nandana Mihindukulasooriya, Gaetano Rossiello, Pa- van Kapanipathi, Ibrahim Abdelaziz, Srinivas Rav- ishankar, Mo Yu, Alfio Gliozzo, Salim Roukos, and Alexander Gray. 2020. Leveraging semantic parsing for relation linking over knowledge bases. In Inter- national Semantic Web Conference, pages 402-419. Springer.
- Isaiah Onando Mulang', Jennifer D'Souza, and Sören Auer. 2020. Fine-tuning BERT with focus words for explanation regeneration. In Proceedings of the Ninth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computa- tional Semantics, pages 125-130, Barcelona, Spain (Online). Association for Computational Linguis- tics.
- Isaiah Onando Mulang, Kuldeep Singh, and Fabrizio Orlandi. 2017. Matching natural language relations to knowledge graph properties for question answer- ing. In SEMANTiCS 2017, pages 89-96.
- Jeff Z Pan, Mei Zhang, Kuldeep Singh, Frank van Harmelen, Jinguang Gu, and Zhi Zhang. 2019. En- tity enabled relation linking. In International Se- mantic Web Conference, pages 523-538. Springer.
- Ahmad Sakor, Isaiah Onando Mulang, Kuldeep Singh, Saeedeh Shekarpour, Maria Esther Vidal, Jens Lehmann, and Sören Auer. 2019a. Old is gold: lin- guistic driven approach for entity and relation link- ing of short text. In NAACL: HLT 2019, pages 2336- 2346.
- Ahmad Sakor, Isaiah Onando Mulang', Kuldeep Singh, Saeedeh Shekarpour, Maria Esther Vidal, Jens Lehmann, and Sören Auer. 2019b. Old is gold: Lin- guistic driven approach for entity and relation link- ing of short text. In Proceedings of the 2019 Con- ference of the North American Chapter of the Asso- ciation for Computational Linguistics: Human Lan- guage Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Pa- pers), pages 2336-2346, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Association for Computational Linguistics. · DOI · Paper page
- Ahmad Sakor, Kuldeep Singh, Anery Patel, and Maria- Esther Vidal. 2020. Falcon 2.0: An entity and rela- tion linking tool over wikidata. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Informa- tion & Knowledge Management, pages 3141-3148.
- Kuldeep Singh, Isaiah Onando Mulang', Ioanna Ly- tra, Mohamad Yaser Jaradeh, Ahmad Sakor, Maria- Esther Vidal, Christoph Lange, and Sören Auer. 2017. Capturing knowledge in semantically-typed relational patterns to enhance relation linking. In K- CAP 2017, pages 1-8.
- Priyansh Trivedi, Gaurav Maheshwari, Mohnish Dubey, and Jens Lehmann. 2017. Lc-quad: A cor- pus for complex question answering over knowledge graphs. In ISWC 2017, pages 210-218.
- Ricardo Usbeck, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo, Bas- tian Haarmann, Anastasia Krithara, Michael Röder, and Giulio Napolitano. 2017. 7th open challenge on question answering over linked data (qald-7). In Semantic Web Evaluation Challenge, pages 59-69. Springer.
- Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. Attention is all you need. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.03762. · arXiv
- Thomas Wolf, Lysandre Debut, Victor Sanh, Julien Chaumond, Clement Delangue, Anthony Moi, Pier- ric Cistac, Tim Rault, Remi Louf, Morgan Funtow- icz, Joe Davison, Sam Shleifer, Patrick von Platen, Clara Ma, Yacine Jernite, Julien Plu, Canwen Xu, Teven Le Scao, Sylvain Gugger, Mariama Drame, Quentin Lhoest, and Alexander Rush. 2020. Trans- formers: State-of-the-art natural language process- ing. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Em- pirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations, pages 38-45, Online. Asso- ciation for Computational Linguistics. · DOI · Paper page
- Ledell Wu, Fabio Petroni, Martin Josifoski, Sebastian Riedel, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2019. Zero-shot entity linking with dense entity retrieval. ArXiv, abs/1911.03814. · arXiv
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Physics of Language Models: Part 3.1, Knowledge Storage and Extraction
Allen-Zhu, Z., & Li, Y. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2309.14316 · Cited by 14
Implicit Relation Linking for Question Answering over Knowledge Graph
Zhao, Y., Huang, J., Hu, W., Chen, Q., Qiu, X., Huo, C., & Ren, W. (2022) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2022 · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.findings-acl.312 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Naseem, T., Ravishankar, S., Mihindukulasooriya, N., Abdelaziz, I., Lee, Y.-S., Kapanipathi, P., Roukos, S., Gliozzo, A., & Gray, A.
- Affiliations
- IBM (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers)
- Published
- 2021
- Pages
- 256-262
- OpenAlex
- W3177355445
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Topic Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Natural Language Processing Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
- Keywords
- knowledge base question answering, transformer models
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review