Cited by 293Wildlife Ecology and ConservationAnimal Ecology and Behavior StudiesRangeland and Wildlife Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Wolves–coyotes–foxes: a cascade among carnivores

Levi, Taal, Wilmers, Christopher C.·2012·Ecology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Due to the widespread eradication of large canids and felids, top predators in many terrestrial ecosystems are now medium-sized carnivores such as coyotes. Coyotes have been shown to increase songbird and rodent abundance and diversity by suppressing populations of small carnivores such as domestic cats and foxes. The restoration of gray wolves to many parts of North America, however, could alter this interaction chain. Here we use a 30-year time series of wolf, coyote, and fox relative abundance from the state of Minnesota, USA, to show that wolves suppress coyote populations, which in turn releases foxes from top-down control by coyotes. In contrast to mesopredator release theory, which has often considered the consequence of top predator removal in a three-species interaction chain (e.g., coyote-fox-prey), the presence of the top predator releases the smaller predator in a four-species interaction chain. Thus, heavy predation by abundant small predators might be more similar to the historical ecosystem before top-predator extirpation. The restructuring of predator communities due to the loss or restoration of top predators is likely to alter the size spectrum of heavily consumed prey with important implications for biodiversity and human health.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1890/11-0165.1

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach.
Guthery, F. S., Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2003) · The Journal of Wildlife Management · doi:10.2307/3802723 · Cited by 41,495
Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation
Hurrell, J. W. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.269.5224.676 · Cited by 8,026
Regression and time series model selection in small samples
HURVICH, C. M., & TSAI, C.-L. (1989) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/76.2.297 · Cited by 6,586
Food Web Complexity and Community Dynamics
Polis, G. A., & Strong, D. R. (1996) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/285880 · Cited by 2,126
Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions in a fragmented system
Crooks, K. R., & Soulé, M. E. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/23028 · Cited by 1,721
Trophic cascades revealed in diverse ecosystems
Pace, M. L., Cole, J. J., Carpenter, S. R., & Kitchell, J. F. (1999) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(99)01723-1 · Cited by 1,478
Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation.
Ritchie, E. G., & Johnson, C. N. (2009) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01347.x · Cited by 1,375
Emergent impacts of multiple predators on prey.
Sih, A., Englund, G., & Wooster, D. (1998) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01437-2 · Cited by 1,362
The ecology of infectious disease: Effects of host diversity and community composition on Lyme disease risk
LoGiudice, K. M., Ostfeld, R. S., Schmidt, K. A., & Keesing, F. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0233733100 · Cited by 1,160
The Wolf: The Ecology and Behavior of an Endangered Species
Coulter, M. W., & Mech, L. D. (1971) · Journal of Wildlife Management · doi:10.2307/3799810 · Cited by 1,153

Show all 45 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Conner M. C, 1983, Scent-station indices as measures of population abundance for bobcats, raccoons, gray foxes, and opossums, Wildlife Society Bulletin, 11, 146
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2001.99534.x · DOI
Gompper M. E, 2002, The ecology of northeastern coyotes: current knowledge and priorities for future research. Working Paper Number 17
Way J. G, 2002, Eastern coyote home range, territoriality and sociality on urbanized Cape Cod, Massachusetts, Northeast Wildlife, 57, 1

Sorted by citations

Items 201–293 of 293

Dracula's Menagerie Reloaded: Assessing the Relative Roles of Habitat and Interspecific Interactions in an Intact Mammalian Assemblage Using Structural Equation Modeling
Dyck, M. A., Iosif, R., Promberger–Fürpass, B., & Popescu, V. D. (2025) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.71381 · Cited by 3
Ecological and Anthropogenic Drivers of Red Fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) Abundance and Site Use Across the Contiguous USA
Allen, M. L., Weiss, K. C. B., & Green, A. M. (2025) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/jbi.70008 · Cited by 3
The role of the American Society of Mammalogists in mammalian conservation: from politics to conservation genetics
Baird, A. B., Robinson, M. J., & Bickham, J. W. (2019) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyz028 · Cited by 4
Context‐dependency in carnivore co‐occurrence across a multi‐use conservation landscape
Curveira‐Santos, G., Gigliotti, L. C., Sutherland, C. S., Rato, D., Santos‐Reis, M., & Swanepoel, L. H. (2022) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.9239 · Cited by 3
Coyotes take advantage of ungulate carrion subsidies as wolves recolonize Washington
Malesis, A. N., Windell, R. M., Vanbianci, C. M., & Prugh, L. R. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/cjz-2024-0019 · Cited by 3
Do Snow‐Adapted Prey Facilitate Coexistence of the Sierra Nevada Red Fox With Sympatric Carnivores?
Rosburg‐Francot, G., Quinn, C. B., Vanderzwan, S. L., Caspi, T., Figura, P., & Sacks, B. N. (2025) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.70087 · Cited by 3
Anthropogenic impact on predator guilds and ecosystem processes : Apex predator extinctions, land use and climate change
Pasanen‐Mortensen, M. (2014) · Cited by 3
Wolves and lynx: Plausible ideas make for testable hypotheses
Wirsing, A. J., Buskirk, S. W., Ripple, W. J., & Beschta, R. L. (2012) · Wildlife Society Bulletin · doi:10.1002/wsb.183 · Cited by 3
Interspecific Killing of Vulpes vulpes (Red Fox) Kits at a Den Site by Canis lupus (Gray Wolf) in Isle Royale National Park, Michigan
Petroelje, T. R., Fowler, N. L., Orning, E. K., Patterson, B. R., Romanski, M. C., & Belant, J. L. (2022) · Northeastern Naturalist · doi:10.1656/045.029.0113 · Cited by 3
Ecology and predator associations of the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) in the Pilbara
Hernández-Santín, L. (2017) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2017.661 · Cited by 3
Invasive woodlands and intruding dogs shape the structure of a mesocarnivore guild
Misher, C., Bithoo, K. S., & Vanak, A. T. (2025) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-025-03659-5 · Cited by 2
Diets, dominance hierarchies, and kleptoparasitism drive asymmetrical interactions between wolves and cougars
Binder, W., Ruprecht, J., Rabe, J. W., Metz, M. C., Hutchinson, R., Stahler, D. R., & Levi, T. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2511397123 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Jackals among wolves: balancing between competition and tolerance
Kominos, T., Galanaki, A., Naziridis, T., Gasteratos, I., Giannatos, G., Chylarecki, P., & Bogdanowicz, W. (2026) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2025.2832 · Cited by 2
What Causes Variation in Functional Response Parameters?
DeLong, J. P. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.003.0003 · Cited by 2
Host spatiotemporal overlap in a park with high endemicity of Echinococcus multilocularis
Visscher, D. R., Toews, E., Pattison, J., Walker, P. D., Kemna, C. J., Musiani, M., & Massolo, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Parasitology · doi:10.3389/fpara.2023.1161108 · Cited by 2
Puma (Puma concolor) Sex Influences Diet in Southwest New Mexico
Bernard, K. M. T., Perry, T. W., & Mgqatsa, N. (2023) · Western North American Naturalist · doi:10.3398/064.083.0201 · Cited by 3
Impacts of coyote colonization on coastal mammalian predators
Crosby, C., Schlacher, T. A., Kerwin, K., & Maslo, B. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-68698-9 · Cited by 2
Spatiotemporal partitioning between the endangered San Joaquin kit fox and a novel mesocarnivore community in the urban environment as revealed by camera traps
Alipio, C., McCullah-Boozer, M. R., Gaete, C. L., & Hall, L. K. (2024) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03184 · Cited by 2
Exploring Metrics of Biological Diversity to Better Predict and Respond to Emerging Diseases
Swei, A., Broughton, H. M., Crews, A., Lilly, M. V., Shaw, G., & Summers, S. (2025) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icaf064 · Cited by 3
Temporal partitioning among sympatric forest carnivores drives a temporal mismatch with preferred prey
Jolly, S. R., Gilbert, J. H., Woodford, J. E., & Pauli, J. N. (2025) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyaf040 · Cited by 2
Dances like wolves? Evaluating ecological replacement of apex predators in eastern North America
Jensen, A. J. (2025) · Stacks. · doi:10.60102/stacks-25011 · Cited by 3
Spatiotemporal relationships of coyotes and free-ranging domestic cats as indicators of conflict in Culver City, California
Davenport, R. N., Weaver, M. J., Weiss, K. C. B., & Strauss, E. G. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.14169 · Cited by 2
Invasive species-driven trophic cascades: Are cane toads indirectly contributing to small mammal collapses across tropical Australia?Preprint
Radford, I. J., Woolley, L.-A., Dickman, C. R., Corey, B., Trembath, D. F., & Fairman, R. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/616771 · Cited by 2
Patchy indirect effects: how predators drive landscape heterogeneity and influence ecosystem dynamics via localized pathwaysPreprint
Johnson‐Bice, S. M., Gable, T., Roth, J. D., & Bump, J. K. (2022) · doi:10.22541/au.166178173.39208435/v1 · Cited by 2
Habitat Overlap and Resource Selection Between Native Blackbuck and Invasive Feral-horse at Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern India
Selvarasu, S., Arandhara, S., & Nagarajan, B. (2023) · International Journal of Zoological Investigations · doi:10.33745/ijzi.2023.v09i01.050 · Cited by 1
Patterns of Occupancy and Density of the Small Felids of Tropical America
Fox-Rosales, L. A., Cepeda-Duque, J. C., & de Oliveira, T. G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39566-6_3 · Cited by 1
Describing Diet of Imperiled Sierra Nevada Red Foxes and a Carnivoran Competitor Using DNA Metabarcoding
Delheimer, M. S., Martin, M. E., Hartman, J., Moriarty, K. M., Allen, J. M., & Levi, T. (2025) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.71605 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Landscape heterogeneity shapes the spatial and diet partitioning of a montane carnivore guild
Martin, M. E., Matthews, S. M., Stock, S. L., Mackey, H. L., McDonald, M. A., Garrison, D., Smith, T. R., Townsend, A. M., Hartman, J., Smith, B. H., et al. (2025) · Oikos · doi:10.1002/oik.11223 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
THREE-PREY SWITCHING BEHAVIOR OF TWO GENERALIST PREDATORS WITH ASYMMETRIC INTRAGUILD PREDATION: A COYOTE-FOX-TWO RODENTS SYSTEM
Lireux, S., Venturino, E., Raoul, F., & Perasso, A. (2025) · Journal of Biological Systems · doi:10.1142/s021833902650004x · Cited by 1
What's in a Name? Not All Mesopredators Are Mesocarnivores
Madsen, E. K., Eckersley, L., Linden, J. F., Lai, S., Hare, D., Macdonald, D. W., Kimaili, D., Kulunge, S. R., Mutinhima, Y., Petracca, L. S., et al. (2025) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.72768 · Cited by 1
Fine-scale spatio-temporal and dietary responses of red foxes to wolf recovery in a mediterranean protected area
Belardi, I., Lazzeri, L., Pacini, G., Fini, G., Orazi, V., Lovari, S., & Ferretti, F. (2026) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-026-03279-y · Cited by 1
Species‐specific interactions with apex carnivores yield unique benefits and burdens for mesocarnivores
Binder, W., Rabe, J. W., Lowe, Z., Scott, G., Lacey, C., King, E., Stahler, D. R., & Chakrabarti, S. (2026) · Ecology · doi:10.1002/ecy.70331 · Cited by 1
Native carnivores decline along rural–urban gradients dominated by dogs and cats
Infante, J., Kays, R., & Silva‐Rodríguez, E. A. (2026) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105674 · Cited by 1
Winter Diet in Correlation to Sexual Dimorphism in Pennsylvania Coyotes (Canis latrans)
Metzger, M. L., Washinger, D., & Iudica, C. A. (2017) · Open Journal of Ecology · doi:10.4236/oje.2017.75023 · Cited by 1
Origin of the Type III Functional Response
DeLong, J. P. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.003.0009 · Cited by 1
Introduction
DeLong, J. P. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.003.0001 · Cited by 1
Optimal Foraging
DeLong, J. P. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.003.0007 · Cited by 1
Predation risk for hoary marmots in Washington’s North Cascades Mountains
Whiles, L., Shipley, L. A., Akins, J. R., Christophersen, R. G., Ransom, J. I., Levi, T., & Thornton, D. H. (2024) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyae086 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Ecosystem service assessment of coyote stories reveals tradeoffs from human–coyote interactions in rural Vermont, United States
Morse, J. W., Morse, C. E., & Gould, R. K. (2024) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.13235 · Cited by 1
Carnivore community reassembly provides a test of Eltonian niche conservatism
Curras, M. R., Manlick, P. J., & Pauli, J. N. (2025) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/oik.10625 · Cited by 1
Predicting community interactions under grizzly bear rewilding and anthropogenic change
Gorczynski, D., Clark‐Wolf, T. J., Brodie, J. F., & Pearson, D. E. (2025) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111455 · Cited by 1
Inter-Population Similarities and Differences in Predation Efficiency of a Mosquito Natural Enemy
Cuthbert, R. N., Dalu, T., Wasserman, R. J., Weyl, O. L. F., Froneman, P. W., Callaghan, A., & Dick, J. T. A. (2020) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1093/jme/tjaa093 · Cited by 1
Conservation, personality and ecology of the European mink (Mustela lutreola)
Haage, M. (2016) · DiVA (Stockholm University) · Cited by 1
Games of risk and reward in carnivore communitiesPreprint
Ruprecht, J., Eriksson, C. E., Forrester, T. D., Spitz, D. B., Clark, D. A., Wisdom, M. J., Bianco, M., Rowland, M. M., Smith, J. B., Johnson, B. K., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.27.428481 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
How top consumers structure food webs with multiple pathways of energy flow
Wollrab, S. (2013) · Electronic Theses of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.15519
Assessing Wild Canid Distribution Using Camera Traps in the Pioneer Valley of Western Massachusetts
LeFlore, E. (2021) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/6006665
Troofilised kaskaadid imetajate kooslustes ning nende rakendamine bioloogilise mitmekesisuse taastamiseks
Tomingas, K. (2013) · DSpace repository (University of Tartu)
POPULATION ECOLOGY OF MESOPREDATORS IN NORTH-CENTRAL FLORIDA
Troyer, E. M. (2013)
Special Issue: Defaunation's impact in tropical terrestrial ecosystems Mammal defaunation as surrogate of trophic cascades in a biodiversity hotspot
Luisa, M., Galetti, M., & Ribeiro, M. C. (2013)
AN ESTIMATION OF COYOTE POPULATION SIZE FOR EVIDENCE OF A TROPHIC CASCADE
Hoskinson, J. S. (2016) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge Migratory Game Bird, Big Game, Upland Game, and Furbearer 2015 - 2016 Hunt Plan
Bodeen, T., & Blair, C. (2016)
Evaluating the impacts of human-mediated disturbances on species’ behaviour and interactions
Frey, S. (2018) · UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria)
Modeling and Mapping Coyote (Canis latrans) Abundance in Northwestern Vermont
Beck, L. K. (2018) · ScholarWorks -A service of University of Vermont Libraries (University of Vermont)
Quantifying Mammalian Interactions and Distributions to Inform Conservation Planning in Mozambique
Easter, T. S. (2018) · ScholarWorks (Boise State University) · doi:10.18122/td/1427/boisestate
Does biodiversity protect humans against infectious disease? Comment
Evi, T. A. L. (2016)
Challenges for the Future of Functional Response Research
DeLong, J. P. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.003.0011
Detecting Prey Preferences and Prey Switching
DeLong, J. P. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.003.0008
Statistical Issues in the Estimation of Functional Responses
DeLong, J. P. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.003.0010
The Basics and Origin of Functional Response Models
DeLong, J. P. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.003.0002
Population Dynamics and the Functional Response
DeLong, J. P. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.003.0004
Selection on Functional Response Parameters
DeLong, J. P. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.003.0006
Multi-species Functional Responses
DeLong, J. P. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.003.0005
References
Spotte, S. H. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118884058.refs
Multiple anthropogenic interventions drive puma survival following wolf recovery in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Elbroch, L., Marescot, L., Quigley, H. B., Craighead, D. J., & Wittmer, H. U. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.12476477
A preliminary range-wide distribution model for the sacramento valley red fox
Sacks, B. N., Statham, M. J., & Wittmer, H. U. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.12510089.v1
A preliminary range-wide distribution model for the sacramento valley red fox
Sacks, B. N., Statham, M. J., & Wittmer, H. U. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.12510089
Multiple anthropogenic interventions drive puma survival following wolf recovery in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Elbroch, L., Marescot, L., Quigley, H. B., Craighead, D. J., & Wittmer, H. U. (2020) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.12476477.v1
Peer Review #2 of "Spatiotemporal relationships of coyotes and free-ranging domestic cats as indicators of conflict in Culver City, California (v0.1)"
(2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.14169v0.1/reviews/2
Peer Review #1 of "Spatiotemporal relationships of coyotes and free-ranging domestic cats as indicators of conflict in Culver City, California (v0.1)"
(2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.14169v0.1/reviews/1
Peer Review #2 of "Spatiotemporal relationships of coyotes and free-ranging domestic cats as indicators of conflict in Culver City, California (v0.2)"
(2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.14169v0.2/reviews/2
Peer Review #1 of "Spatiotemporal relationships of coyotes and free-ranging domestic cats as indicators of conflict in Culver City, California (v0.2)"
(2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.14169v0.2/reviews/1
Peer Review #3 of "Spatiotemporal relationships of coyotes and free-ranging domestic cats as indicators of conflict in Culver City, California (v0.1)"
(2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.14169v0.1/reviews/3
Interactions with non-prey animals
Buskirk, S. W. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192863249.003.0007
Prologue
(2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.002.0005
Copyright Page
(2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.002.0003
Epilogue
(2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192895509.002.0006
Availability of alternative prey rather than intraguild interactions determines the local abundance of two understudied and threatened small carnivore species
Hernández‐Sánchez, A., & Santos‐Moreno, A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0310021
An integrated population model of a high‐density coyote population in South Carolina, USA
Gaya, H. E., D’Angelo, G. J., Youngmann, J. L., Lance, S. L., & Kilgo, J. C. (2025) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1002/ecs2.70339
Control of a dominant predator influences the occurrence of a mesocarnivore of conservation concern
White, K. M., Cheeseman, A. E., Stafford, J. D., & Lonsinger, R. C. (2025) · Wildlife Research · doi:10.1071/wr25116
Perception of dominant predator shapes the spatiotemporal coexistence of mesocarnivores in agriculturally dominated landscapes
Proudman, N. J., & Allen, M. L. (2025) · Mammalian Biology · doi:10.1007/s42991-025-00547-2
Additional file 1 of Niche partitioning between sympatric wild canids: the case of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in north-eastern Italy
Torretta, E., Riboldi, L., Costa, E., Delfoco, C., Frignani, E., & Meriggi, A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14826128
Tiger and Leopard Habitat Use in Bhutan revealed by a Bayesian Multi-Scale Spatial Occupancy ModelPreprint
Wangmo, S., Kéry, M., Macdonald, D. W., Harihar, A., Sartor, C. C., Cushman, S., Burns, P., Loveridge, A. J., & Dickman, A. J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5538161
Spatiotemporal activity patterns of mammalian carnivore species in central Stara Planina Mountain, Bulgaria
Ahmed, A., Lombardi, S., Albena Vlasseva, Y., Andreev, R., Koychev, B., Todorov, V. R., & Stepanov, I. (2026) · European Journal of Wildlife Research · doi:10.1007/s10344-025-02043-x
Wolves fear humans but learn quickly about us
Blumstein, D. T. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2602695123
Prey Partitioning in a Diverse Carnivore Community: Implications for Reintroduced Fishers in Washington
Shively, K. A., Reese, E. M., Ransom, J. I., Lewis, J. C., Chestnut, T., Werntz, D. O., Levi, T., & Prugh, L. R. (2026) · Animal Conservation · doi:10.1111/acv.70062
Self-citation
Responses of mammalian communities to human imprint : impacts of climate change, management and exposure to humans on carnivores and their interactions
Morin, A. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/51cacbb5z419fz4a51za360z5cf09360c520
Multi-Stability and Chaotic Behavior in a Three Species Food Web Model with Predation Fear and Weak Allee in Prey
Mukherjee, C., Biswas, S., Sarkar, S., Debnath, P., Ghosh, K., Das, K. P., Jakhad, A., & Sahani, S. K. (2026) · Biophysical Reviews and Letters · doi:10.1142/s1793048026500025
A disrupted human shield: the COVID lockdown alters carnivore dynamics in favour of a dominant competitor
Readyhough, T. S., Cepek, J. D., Byer, N. W., & Moll, R. J. (2026) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2025.2890
Avoidance dynamics in tiger-leopard coexistence: a time-geographic approach
Liu, Y., Dodge, S., Simcharoen, A., Smith, J. L. D., & Ahearn, S. C. (2026) · Movement Ecology · doi:10.1186/s40462-026-00681-7
Comparative foraging ecology of lynx and coyotes in three Gulf of Alaska national parks
Dymit, E. M., Griffin, K. R., Morton, E., Hower, J., & Levi, T. (2026) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1002/ecs2.70733
Self-citation
Tiger and leopard habitat use in Bhutan revealed by Bayesian multi-scale spatial occupancy models
Wangmo, S., Kéry, M., Macdonald, D. W., Harihar, A., Sartor, C. C., Cushman, S. A., Burns, P., Loveridge, A. J., & Dickman, A. J. (2026) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2026.112050
Examining spatial nonstationarity in top-down control of mesocarnivores among disparate landscapes
Ashish, K., Hatlauf, J., Dormann, C. F., Kalle, R., Amon, M., Mattsson, B. J., & Ramesh, T. (2026) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2026.112156
Extended cubs’ care helping as a factor of reproductive success in a resident Golden jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758) family group
Konstantinov, Y., Konstantinov, B., Kamenova, S., Acosta-Pankov, I., & Spassov, N. (2026) · Biodiversity Data Journal · doi:10.3897/bdj.14.e191590

Authors: Levi, T., & Wilmers, C. C.
Affiliations: University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
Corresponding author: Levi, Taal
ORCID: Levi, Taal
Wilmers, Christopher C.
Venue: Ecology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2012-04
Volume: 93
Issue: 4
Pages: 921-929
ISSN: 0012-9658 (ISSN-L)
1939-9170
DOI: 10.1890/11-0165.1
OpenAlex: W2072484216
Cited by: 293
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 7.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Ecology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Rangeland and Wildlife Management
Keywords: gray wolves, coyote, red fox, mesopredator release, top-down control, predator-prey interactions, Minnesota
MeSH terms: Animals, Feeding Behavior, Foxes, Minnesota, Population Dynamics, Seasons, Wolves, Food Chain, Coyotes

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Wolves–coyotes–foxes: a cascade among carnivores

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks