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Reliability and Validity Testing of the Revised 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey in Older Adults
Abstract
The SF-12 Short Form Health Survey was developed to describe mental and physical health status of adults, and to measure the outcomes of health care services. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of this measure in a sample of 185 older adults living in a continuing care retirement community. The mean age of the participants was 86 + 6.1 and the majority were female (82%), unmarried (82%), Caucasian (99%), and all had at least a high school education. Initial testing of the SF-12 measurement model as proposed by Ware, Kosinski, and Keller (1995) demonstrated that the model did not fit the data (chi-squared/df = 7.8). The model was revised based on modification indices and the revised model provided evidence of reliability (alpha coefficients of .70, and .89; the majority of the R2 values were greater than .50), and validity as there was improved fit of the model to the data (chi 2 difference of 123, df difference of 1.0, p < .05). There was also evidence of construct validity, based on hypothesis testing, with a statistically significant correlation between physical health and number of chronic illnesses (r = .33, p < .05) and mental health and chronic illnesses (r = .27, p < .05), and a statistically significant difference in physical health (F = 30.5, p < .05) and mental health (F = 18.5, p < .05) between those who exercise regularly and those who do not. The revised SF-12 is a reliable and valid measure of health status in independent living o…
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“Adequate reliability and validity of the SF-12 PCS have been demonstrated in older adults (Resnick & Nahm, 2001).”
From Cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety: Similarities and differences between Veteran and community participants (2015) · cites this paper as Resnick & Nahm, 2001
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User’s manual for the SF-12v2 health survey
Ware, J., Kosinski, M., Bowker, D., Gandek, B., Ware, J. E., & Turner‐Bowker, D. M. (2002) · Cited by 1,085
Diener, H., Kronfeld, K., Boewing, G., Lungenhausen, M., Maier, C., Molsberger, A. F., Tegenthoff, M., Trampisch, H. J., Zenz, M. W., & Meinert, R. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70382-9 · Cited by 419
Quality of life in older people: A structured review of generic self-assessed health instruments
Haywood, K. L., Garratt, A., & Fitzpatrick, R. M. (2005) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-005-1743-0 · Cited by 382
“Confirmatory factor analysis supported a revised SF-12 model for older people in the calculation of both the PCS and MCS [71, 96].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBusija, L., Pausenberger, E., Haines, T. P., Haymes, S. A., Buchbinder, R., & Osborne, R. H. (2011) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.20541 · Cited by 409
Current recommendations on the selection of measures for well-being.
VanderWeele, T. J., Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., Allin, P., Farrelly, C., Fletcher, G., Frederick, D. E., Hall, J., Helliwell, J. F., Kim, E. S., Lauinger, W. A., et al. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106004 · Cited by 225
Metadata
- Authors
- Resnick, B., & Nahm, E. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Nursing Measurement
- Publisher
- Springer Publishing Company
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-161
- ISSN
- 1061-3749 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7049
- OpenAlex
- W149961092
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 11.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Nursing Measurement (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- older adults, reliability statistics, validity, health status measurement, model revision, construct validity, chronic disease, physical health, mental health, physical activity, continuing care retirement communities, independent living
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Chronic Disease, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Predictive Value of Tests, Health Behavior, Exercise, Geriatric Assessment, Chi-Square Distribution, Likelihood Functions, Housing for the Elderly
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