Using an Existing Data Set to Answer New Research Questions: A Methodological Review
Abstract
The vast majority of the research methods literature assumes that the researcher designs the study subsequent to determining research questions. This assumption is not met for the many researchers involved in secondary data analysis. Researchers doing secondary data analysis need not only understand research concepts related to designing a new study, but additionally must be aware of challenges specific to conducting research using an existing data set. Techniques are discussed to determine if secondary data analysis is appropriate. Suggestions are offered on how to best identify, obtain, and evaluate a data set; refine research questions; manage data; calculate power; and report results. Examples from nursing research are provided. If an existing data set is suitable for answering a new research question, then a secondary analysis is preferable since it can be completed in less time, for less money, and with far lower risks to subjects. The researcher must carefully consider if the existing data set’s available power and data quality are adequate to answer the proposed research questions.
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The dataset was designed in collaboration with the academic team at inception, ensuring measurement tools and data would be appropriate to research purposes.
“The dataset was designed in collaboration with the academic team at the inception of this service, thus ensuring that the measurement tools and data would be appropriate to research purposes [44, 45].”
From An enhanced individual placement and support (iPS) intervention based on the model of human occupation (MOHO); a prospective cohort study (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Doolan, D. M., & Froelicher, E. S.
- Affiliations
- University of San Francisco (US)
- ORCID
- Froelicher, Erika S.
- Venue
- Research and Theory for Nursing Practice
- Publisher
- Springer Publishing Company
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 203-215
- ISSN
- 0889-7182 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-6577
- 1945-7286
- OpenAlex
- W2081922487
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research and theory for nursing practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Data Analysis and Archiving
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Methodologies in Health Research and Practice
- Keywords
- secondary analysis, research question refinement, statistical power, data management, data quality, nursing research, research design
- MeSH terms
- Data Collection, Humans, Research Design, Review Literature as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Nursing Research, Nursing Methodology Research, Case-Control Studies
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