Adolescent development
Abstract
This chapter identifies the most robust conclusions and ideas about adolescent development and psychological functioning that have emerged since Petersen’s 1988 review. We begin with a discussion of topics that have dominated recent research, including adolescent problem behavior, parent-adolescent relations, puberty, the development of the self, and peer relations. We then identify and examine what seem to us to be the most important new directions that have come to the fore in the last decade, including research on diverse populations, contextual influences on development, behavioral genetics, and siblings. We conclude with a series of recommendations for future research on adolescence.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Brain size growth continues into the third decade in some individuals.
“There is also evidence that brain size growth continues into the third decade in some individuals.”
From Emerging Adulthood, a Pre-adult Life-History Stage (2020) · cites this paper as [41]
In some individuals, hypothalamic maturation, puberty, and resultant hormonal surges are dissociated from and even precede development and maturity of frontal cortex.
“In these individuals, hypothalamic maturation, puberty, and the resultant hormonal surges are dissociated from and even precede development and maturity of frontal cortex (40, 41).”
From Emerging Adulthood, a Pre-adult Life-History Stage (2020) · cites this paper as [41]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Advancing the Science and Practice of Social and Emotional Learning: Looking Back and Moving Forward
Osher, D., Kidron, Y., Brackett, M., Dymnicki, A., Jones, S., & Weissberg, R. P. (2016) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x16673595 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Emerging Adulthood, a Pre-adult Life-History Stage
Hochberg, Z., & Konner, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00918 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Guttmannova, K., Bailey, J. A., Hemphill, S. A., Lee, J. O., Hawkins, J. D., Woods, M. L., & Catalano, R. F. (2011) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2011.72.221 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Liu, W. C., & Wang, J. (2005) · Asia Pacific Education Review · doi:10.1007/bf03024964 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Opitz, P. C., Gross, J. J., & Urry, H. L. (2012) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00413.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Espelage, D. L., Low, S. K., Ryzin, M. J. V., & Polanin, J. R. (2015) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.17105/spr-15-0052.1 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Impulse buying intentions of young consumers from a hedonic shopping perspective
Dey, D. K., & Srivastava, A. (2017) · Journal of Indian Business Research · doi:10.1108/jibr-02-2017-0018 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Ebbert, A. M., Infurna, F., & Luthar, S. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418001219 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Peer facilitation of emotion regulation in adolescence
Sahi, R. S., Eisenberger, N. I., & Silvers, J. A. (2023) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101262 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Centeno, R. P. R., & Fernandez, K. T. G. (2020) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs10030061 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
VIOLENT OFFENDING AND VICTIMIZATION IN ADOLESCENCE: SOCIAL NETWORK MECHANISMS AND HOMOPHILY*
Turanovic, J. J., & Young, J. T. N. (2016) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12112 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The Five Cs of Positive Youth Development in a school context; gender and mediator effects
Årdal, E., Holsen, I., Diseth, Å., & Larsen, T. B. (2017) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034317734416 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Children’s Education and Parents’ Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms
Lee, C., Glei, D., Goldman, N., & Weinstein, M. (2017) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146517690200 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cyber victimization and adolescent self‐esteem: The role of communication with parents
Özdemir, Y. (2014) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.12070 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Siblings versus parents and friends: longitudinal linkages to adolescent externalizing problems
Defoe, I. N., Keijsers, L., Hawk, S. T., Branje, S., Dubas, J. S., Buist, K. L., Frijns, T., van Aken, M. A. G., Koot, H. M., van Lier, P. A. C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12049 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Schulz, B., & Leszczensky, L. (2015) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/imre.12163 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Neural connections foster social connections: a diffusion-weighted imaging study of social networks
Hampton, W. H., Unger, A., Heide, R. J. V. D., & Olson, I. R. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv153 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Coyne, C. A., Poquiz, J. L., Janssen, A. C., & Chen, D. (2020) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2020.1765433 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Khor, A. S., Gray, K. M., Reid, S., & Melvin, G. A. (2013) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.10.005 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Taking on the stress‐depression link: Meaning as a resource in adolescence
Dulaney, E. S., Graupmann, V., Grant, K. E., Adam, E. K., & Chen, E. (2018) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.02.011 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Chew, J., Carpenter, J. S. W., & Haase, A. M. (2019) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12648 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Appel, M., Holtz, P., Stiglbauer, B., & Batinic, B. (2012) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.08.003 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Martz, M. E., Schulenberg, J. E., Patrick, M. E., & Kloska, D. D. (2016) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x15626624 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Neighborhood Context and Children's Development: When Do Neighborhoods Matter Most?
Leventhal, T. (2018) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12296 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Byrd, A. L., Hawes, S. W., Burke, J. D., Loeber, R., & Pardini, D. A. (2017) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2017.12.004 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Foster, B., Lomas, J. E., Downey, L. A., & Stough, C. K. K. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02463 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Adult Children’s Education and Physiological Dysregulation Among Older Parents
Lee, C. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbx044 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Gordon, R. A., Crosnoe, R. L., & Wang, X. (2013) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1002/mono.12060 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Dutton, Y. E. C., Choi, I., & Choi, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00353 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Frost, A., Hoyt, L., Chung, A. L., & Adam, E. (2015) · Journal des adolescens · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.06.001 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Adult Relationships in Multiple Contexts and Associations With Adolescent Mental Health
Capp, G., Berkowitz, R., Sullivan, K. S., Astor, R. A., Pedro, K. T. D., Gilreath, T. D., Benbenishty, R., & Rice, E. R. W. (2016) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731515624967 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Li, Z., & Li, Q. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14020114 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Obesity, Labeling, and Psychological Distress in Late-Childhood and Adolescent Black and White Girls
Mustillo, S., Budd, K. M., & Hendrix, K. L. (2013) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0190272513495883 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Tzuriel, D., & Shomron, V. (2018) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12219 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Guo, T., Su, J., Hu, J., Aalberg, M., Zhu, Y., Teng, T., & Zhou, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.674267 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Byrd, A. L., Vine, V., Beeney, J. E., Scott, L. N., Jennings, J. R., & Stepp, S. D. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720002810 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Crawford, E. A., Burke, T. A., Siegel, D., Jager‐Hyman, S., Alloy, L. B., & Kendall, P. C. (2018) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12479 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Kamkuemah, M., Gausi, B., & Oni, T. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08921-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Noel, H., Denny, S., Farrant, B., Rossen, F. V., Teevale, T., Clark, T. C., Fleming, T. M., Bullen, P., Sheridan, J. L., & Fortune, S. A. (2013) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.12397 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Bexkens, A., Huizenga, H. M., Neville, D. A., d’Escury-Koenigs, A. L. C., Bredman, J. C., Wagemaker, E., & van der Molen, M. W. (2018) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0448-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Plazas, E. A., Cotes, M. L. M., Sarmiento, H. H., López, S. E. A., Santiago, A., & Gaviria, C. D. P. (2010) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy9-2.ricp · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Peer relations, parental social coaching, and young adolescent social anxiety
Su, S., Pettit, G. S., & Erath, S. A. (2016) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2015.11.007 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Adolescents’ Misuse of Over-The-Counter Medications: The Need for Pharmacist-led Intervention
Abraham, O., & Chmielinski, J. (2018) · INNOVATIONS in pharmacy · doi:10.24926/iip.v9i3.979 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Differentiation of Self and Hope Mediated by Resilience: Gender Differences
Sadeghi, M., Barahmand, U., & Roshannia, S. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse · doi:10.29173/cjfy29489 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Age differences in interbrain synchronization during peer cooperation: an EEG hyperscanning study
Yang, M., Li, X., Sang, B., & Deng, X. (2023) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhad308 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Byrd, A. L., Manuck, S. B., Hawes, S. W., Vebares, T. J., Nimgaonkar, V. L., Chowdari, K. V., Hipwell, A. E., Keenan, K. E., & Stepp, S. D. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417001900 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Grand Challenges in Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
Mehta, S. D., & Seeley, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Reproductive Health · doi:10.3389/frph.2020.00002 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kulik, N. L., Ennett, S. T., Ward, D. S., Bowling, J. M., Fisher, E. B., & Tate, D. F. (2015) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.07.010 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
K’iche’, Mam, and Nahua Migrant Youth Navigating Colonial Codes of Power
Chón, D. W. B. (2022) · Urban Education · doi:10.1177/00420859211073902 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kretschmer, T., Sentse, M., Meeus, W., Verhulst, F. C., Veenstra, R., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2015) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12206 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Elsaesser, C. M., Gorman‐Smith, D., Henry, D. B., & Schoeny, M. E. (2017) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260517708404 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Cognitive consequences of the timing of puberty
Koerselman, K., & Tuomas Pekkarinen, Y. (2018) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2018.05.001 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Byrd, A. L., Tung, I., Manuck, S. D., Vine, V., Horner, M. S., Hipwell, A. E., & Stepp, S. D. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420000462 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Family conflict shapes how adolescents take risks when their family is affected
Moreira, J. F. G., & Telzer, E. H. (2017) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12611 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Individual‐ and School‐Level Correlates of HIV Testing among Secondary School Students in Kenya
Tenkorang, E. Y., & Maticka‐Tyndale, E. (2013) · Studies in Family Planning · doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2013.00351.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Determinants of safe food handling behaviors among middle school youth
Quick, V., Byrd‐Bredbenner, C., & Corda, K. W. (2013) · Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.1108/nfs-08-2012-0086 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Marchetti, A., Baglio, F., Castelli, I., Griffanti, L., Nemni, R., Rossetto, F., Valle, A., Zanette, M., & Massaro, D. (2018) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294118755673 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Güroğlu, B., Cillessen, A. H. N., Haselager, G. J. T., & van Lieshout, C. F. M. (2012) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407512448272 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Byrd, A. L., Lee, A. H., Frigoletto, O. A., Zalewski, M., & Stepp, S. D. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421000948 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Indigenous Immigrant Youth’s Understandings of Power: Race, Labor, and Language
Chón, D. W. B. (2019) · Association of Mexican American Educators Journal · doi:10.24974/amae.13.2.427 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Millwood, S. N., & Manczak, E. M. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.017 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Biased Facial Expression Interpretation in Shy Children
Kokin, J., Younger, A. J., Gosselin, P., & Vaillancourt, T. (2015) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.1915 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gómez‐Baya, D., Berjano, R. M., Camacho, I., & de Matos, M. G. (2017) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x17741174 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Peripheral immune correlates of childhood and adolescent peer relationships: A systematic review
Scott, S., & Manczak, E. M. (2021) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.22119 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Child Maltreatment, Problem Behaviors, and Neighborhood Attainment
Chauhan, P., Schuck, A. M., & Widom, C. S. (2017) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12203 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Social Inequality, Crime, and Deviance
Matsueda, R. L., & Grigoryeva, M. S. (2014) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9002-4_27 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Comparison of Intentional Inhibition and Reactive Inhibition in Adolescents and Adults: An ERP Study
Shen, Y., Zhao, H., Zhu, J., He, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, S., & Chen, J. (2020) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2020.1730376 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
PERBEDAAN ASERTIVITAS REMAJA MINANG DITINJAU DARI POLA ASUH ORANG TUA
Asysyura, S., & Rizal, G. L. (2020) · Proyeksi · doi:10.30659/jp.15.2.120-130 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Padilla, J., McHale, S. M., Jesús, S. A. R. D., et al. (2017) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12328 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Musci, R. J., Bettencourt, A. F., Rabinowitz, J. A., Ialongo, N. S., & Lambert, S. F. (2018) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.07.001 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The combined effects of relationships on smartphone dependence and the age differences
Zhang, C., Zhu, C., Jiang, Y., Xi, Q., Lai, X., Lu, F., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101349 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sozialbeziehungen zu Gleichaltrigen
Vierhaus, M., & Wendt, E.-V. (2018) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-55792-1_7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mackenzie, G. (2018) · Journal of ADHD And Care · doi:10.14302/issn.3066-8042.jac-17-1843 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Freeman, C. R., Olino, T. M., Barbeau, É. B., Weinberg, A., & Chai, X. J. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.09.015 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-Esteem Development and Life Events: A Review and Integrative Process FrameworkPreprint
Reitz, A. K. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/hvnkc · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Simmons, T., Brinkley, A., Quarmby, T., Horner, L., Sherar, L. B., Hooper, O., & Kinnafick, F. (2024) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2024.2303773 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Yegüez, C. E., Ogle, R. R., Jusko, M. L., Melendez, R., & Sibley, M. H. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02384-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Effect of Parenting Styles on Development of Adolescent’s Social Anxiety
Choong, M. (2023) · Journal of Education Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.54097/ehss.v8i.4589 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Giri, N., Shrestha, S., Uprety, S., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203365 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Relationship Between Parent--Adolescent Conflict and Academic Achievement
Nebel-Schwalm, M. S., Davidson, K., Paasch, V., Baumeister, A. L., & Kelley, M. L. (2006) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e528342007-001 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Urke, H. B., Larsen, T. B., & Kristensen, S. M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20136299 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neural response to monetary and social rewards in adolescent girls and their parents
Ferry, R. A., Shah, V., Jin, J., Jarcho, J. M., Hajcak, G., & Nelson, B. D. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120705 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The correlation between parents' educational attitudes and ethnocentrism among adolescents
Pavićević, M., & Petrović, D. S. (2016) · Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini · doi:10.5937/zrffp46-10810 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sveinbjörnsdóttir, S., Thorsteinsson, E., & Lingam, G. I. (2017) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1017/prp.2017.20 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sexting: percepções de adolescentes sobre o fenômeno e acerca do papel das relações familiares
Cardoso, A., Falcke, D., & Mosmann, C. P. (2019) · Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia · doi:10.12957/epp.2019.46909 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dagan, O., Groh, A. M., Madigan, S. L., et al. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/h3ewf · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fradley, K., Oldfield, J., Marshall, J., & Toseeb, U. (2024) · Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs · doi:10.1111/1471-3802.12654 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cameron-Mathiassen, J., & Simpson, J. (2024) · Residential Treatment for Children & Youth · doi:10.1080/0886571x.2024.2401538 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
D’Aniello, C., Tambling, R. R., Russell, B. S., & Smith, M. L. (2020) · Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07347324.2020.1840944 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Harr, C., Horn-Johnson, T. C., Williams, N. J., & DeJager, L. (2011) · Journal of Family Strengths · doi:10.58464/2168-670x.1013 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Age Differences in the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY)
Childs, K. K., & Frick, P. J. (2016) · International Journal of Forensic Mental Health · doi:10.1080/14999013.2016.1152618 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Skřivánková, P., Páv, M., Faberová, K., Perkins, D. E., Boukalová, H., Adam, D., Mazouchová, A., Gillernová, I., Anders, M., & Kitzlerová, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1067450 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Understanding Adolescent Stalking: Challenging Adult Bias Through a Developmental Lens
Worthington, R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32379-9_3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Moreira, J. F. G., & Telzer, E. H. (2017) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696817705954 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kamkuemah, M., Gausi, B., & Oni, T. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-75447/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yao, Y., Ma, Q., Wu, N., Yan, Z., & Rui, J. R. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05547-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sommerfeld, E. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104974 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Saiding, A., Wang, H., Ma, J., Zhang, H., Guo, K., Wu, Y., Luo, X., & Chen, C. (2025) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/01430343251377115 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A brief universal parenting program for recently settled immigrants in Sweden: a feasibility study
Västhagen, M., Özdemir, M., Kimber, B., Ghaderi, A., Place, V., & Enebrink, P. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04026-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gergen, K. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108769778.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S.
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology
- Publisher
- Springer Publishing Company
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-87
- ISSN
- 1810-7621 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-8959
- OpenAlex
- W4245483978
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Psychology of Development and Education
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
- Keywords
- adolescent development, adolescent behavior problems, parent-adolescent relationships, puberty, self-development, peer relationships, behavioral genetics, siblings, diverse populations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review