Cited by 416Psychometric Methodologies and TestingHealth Education and ValidationStatistical Methods in Epidemiology

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Minimizing Sample Size When Using Exploratory Factor Analysis for Measurement

Sapnas, Kathryn G., Zeller, Richard A.·2002·Journal of Nursing Measurement

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Abstract

Traditional protocol for the determination of an adequate sample size is power analysis. Such a protocol is not useful when the primary hypothesis focuses on psychometric measurement properties. Traditional psychometrics advises that there should be 10 respondents per item. Both hypothetical and real research examples illustrate the usefulness of subsample analysis in determining that a sample size of at least 50 and not more than 100 subjects is adequate to represent and evaluate the psychometric properties of measures of social constructs. The "10 respondents per item" advice builds a sample size disincentive into the research design; it also represents "sample size overkill." Sample-size overkill occurs when the research design specifies a number of cases needed, which is in excess of the number actually needed for a desired inference.

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Authors: Sapnas, K. G., & Zeller, R. A.
Affiliations: University of Miami (US)
Kent State University (US)
Venue: Journal of Nursing Measurement
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Published: 2002-09
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Pages: 135-154
ISSN: 1061-3749 (ISSN-L)
1945-7049
DOI: 10.1891/jnum.10.2.135.52552
OpenAlex: W2088701782
Cited by: 405
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 5.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Nursing Measurement (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Miami
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Keywords: sample size determination, exploratory factor analysis, psychometric assessment, power analysis, measurement properties
MeSH terms: Computer Simulation, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Humans, Monte Carlo Method, Psychometrics, Likelihood Functions, Sample Size

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Minimizing Sample Size When Using Exploratory Factor Analysis for Measurement

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