The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
THE INTEGRITY OF INDEPENDENT VARIABLES IN BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
Open accessAbstract
Establishing a functional relationship between the independent and the dependent variable is the primary focus of applied behavior analysis. Accurate and reliable description and observation of both the independent and dependent variables are necessary to achieve this goal. Although considerable attention has been focused on ensuring the integrity of the dependent variable in the operant literature, similar effort has not been directed at ensuring the integrity of the independent variable. Inaccurate descriptions of the application of the independent variable may threaten the reliability and validity of operant research data. A survey of articles in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis demonstrated that the majority of articles published do not use any assessment of the actual occurrence of the independent variable and a sizable minority do not provide operational definitions of the independent variable. The feasibility and utility of ensuring the integrity of the independent variable is described.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The assessment of treatment delivery consists of verifying the occurrence of essential components (protocol adherence) and the nonoccurrence of prohibited protocol deviations (absence of treatment contamination) as well as verifying sufficient treatment differentiation [2,3,8,10].”
From The fidelity of treatment delivery can be assessed in treatment outcome studies: a successful illustration from behavioral medicine (2009) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Notwithstanding its importance, several reviews demonstrated that most studies have not verified whether the fidelity of their treatments was adequate [2,3,7,10,11].”
From The fidelity of treatment delivery can be assessed in treatment outcome studies: a successful illustration from behavioral medicine (2009) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“MATD needs to verify whether during delivery of treatment important treatment elements are actually addressed (maximal protocol adherence) while proscribed elements are not (minimal or no contamination), and whether the treatment can be differentiated from other treatments [2,3,6,8,10].”
From The fidelity of treatment delivery can be assessed in treatment outcome studies: a successful illustration from behavioral medicine (2009) · cites this paper as [3]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales
Cohen, J. (1960) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446002000104 · Cited by 42,398
The Handbook of Social Psychology
Gravatt, A. E., Lindzey, G. E., & Aronson, F. (1969) · The Family Coordinator · doi:10.2307/582242 · Cited by 12,518
Evaluating the quality of medical care
DONABEDIAN, A. (2005) · The Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00397.x · Cited by 6,102
Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings
Shrout, P. E. (1980) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(80)90063-4 · Cited by 6,091
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-3182 · Cited by 4,740
Evaluating the Quality of Medical Care
Donabedian, A. (1966) · The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3348969 · Cited by 4,418
SOME CURRENT DIMENSIONS OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS1
Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91 · Cited by 3,935
Tactics of Scientific Research
Sidman, M. (1960) · Cited by 1,638
Artifact in behavioral research
Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. L. (1969) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,186
Bijou, S. W., Peterson, R. F., & Ault, M. H. (1968) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1968.1-175 · Cited by 773
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Hollon S. D., 1981, Reliability and validity of the Young Cognitive Therapy Scale
- Bellack A. S., 1980, Social skills training for depression: A treatment manual, JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents, 10, 25
- Billingsley F., 1980, Procedural reliability: A rationale and an example, Behavioral Assessment, 2, 229
- Paul G. L., 1977, Psychological treatment for chronic mental patients: Milieu versus social learning programs
- Webb E. J., 1966, Unobtrusive measures: Nonreactive research in the social sciences
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bellg, A. J., Treatment Fidelity Workgroup of the NIH Behavior Change Consortium, Borrelli, B., Resnick, B., Hecht, J., Minicucci, D. S., Ory, M., Ogedegbe, G., Orwig, D., Ernst, D., et al. (2004) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.5.443 · Cited by 2,620
Sailer, M., Hense, J. U., Mayr, S. K., & Mandl, H. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.033 · Cited by 2,064
Dusenbury, L. (2003) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/18.2.237 · Cited by 1,671
Dane, A. V., & Schneider, B. H. (1998) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(97)00043-3 · Cited by 1,557
Treatment fidelity in outcome studies
Moncher, F. J., & Prinz, R. J. (1991) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(91)90103-2 · Cited by 797
Metadata
- Authors
- Peterson, L., Homer, A. L., & Wonderlich, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Missouri Department of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Peterson, Lizette
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1982-12
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 477-492
- ISSN
- 0021-8855 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-3703
- PMC
- PMC1308296
- OpenAlex
- W2059257145
- Cited by
- 461
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 12.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › General Psychology › Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Keywords
- operational definitions, functional relationships, applied behavior analysis, research reliability, research validity
- MeSH terms
- Behavior Therapy, Child, Conditioning, Operant, Humans, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Reinforcement Schedule, Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
