REPLACING RELATIVE REINFORCING EFFICACY WITH BEHAVIORAL ECONOMIC DEMAND CURVES
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Relative reinforcing efficacy refers to the behavior‐strengthening or maintaining property of a reinforcer when compared to that of another reinforcer. Traditional measures of relative reinforcing efficacy sometimes have led to discordant results across and within studies. By contrast, previous investigations have found traditional measures to be congruent with behavioral economic measures, which provide a framework for integrating the discordant results. This study tested whether the previously demonstrated congruence between traditional relative reinforcing efficacy measures and behavioral economic demand curve measures is sufficiently robust to persist when demand for one reinforcer is altered. Cigarette smokers pulled plungers for cigarettes or two magnitudes of money on progressive‐ratio schedules that increased the response requirement across sessions. Demand for the two different reinforcers was assessed in single‐schedule and concurrent‐schedule sessions. Demand curve measures P max and O max correlated significantly with traditional measures of breakpoint and peak response rate, respectively. Relative locations of demand curves for money and cigarettes under single schedules predicted preference in concurrent schedules in most cases. Although measures of relative reinforcing efficacy for money changed with money magnitude, the congruence between traditional and behavioral economic measures remained intact. This robust congruence supports the proposal that demand curves should replace measures of relative reinforcing efficacy. The demand curve analysis illustrates why concordance between traditional measures is expected under some experimental conditions but not others.
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Smokers' consumption of cigarette puffs is less elastic than their consumption of monetary reinforcers.
“smokers’ consumption of cigarette puffs was considerably less elastic (less price sensitive) than either of the monetary reinforcers [9, 13, 14]”
From The behavioral economics and neuroeconomics of reinforcer pathologies: implications for etiology and treatment of addiction (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
Individuals with reinforcer pathologies typically show demand inelasticity for abused substances but not for nonpathological reinforcers.
“individuals suffering from reinforcer pathologies typically show this insensitivity of consumption to price changes (i.e., demand inelasticity) for the substances that they abuse, but not for nonpathological reinforcers.”
From The behavioral economics and neuroeconomics of reinforcer pathologies: implications for etiology and treatment of addiction (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Johnson, M. W., & Bickel, W. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- Corresponding author
- Johnson, Matthew W.
- Venue
- Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73-93
- ISSN
- 0022-5002 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-3711
- PMC
- PMC1397796
- OpenAlex
- W2133598799
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 14.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R37DA06526, R37DA006526, T32DA007242)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- demand curve, behavioral economics, reinforcer preference, concurrent schedules, progressive ratio schedule, cigarette smoking, Pmax, OMAX, breakpoints, reinforcement magnitude
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Choice Behavior, Conditioning, Operant, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Psychomotor Performance, Reinforcement Schedule, Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder
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