The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clarifying The Meaning Of Extracurricular Activity: A Literature Review Of Definitions
Open accessAbstract
Participation in extracurricular activities has long been recognized as having important benefits for business students, including the development of competencies relevant to future career success. Unfortunately, a review of the literature suggests that what constitutes an extracurricular activity remains ambiguous and unclear as no generally-accepted definition has been established in the literature. Instead, the meaning is often described in terms of examples. It is argued that the lack of a definition hampers research because it does not allow for proper classification of activities. The purpose of this study is to address this gap through a review of the relevant literature. Based on the review, definitions for extracurricular and co-curricular are proposed along with additional clarifications. Implications for scholars and academic advising are also provided.
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“Bartkus, Nemelka, Nemelka, and Gardner [27], through a comprehensive literature review, distinguished extra-curricular activities (those proceeding independently of academic coursework) from co-curricular activities (those intentionally aligned with the learning outcomes of formal curriculum).”
From Toward Sustainable AI Literacy in Higher Education: A Delphi–AHP Approach to Identifying Key Components of AI/Data Extracurricular Programs (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
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Cites
Student Council, Volunteering, Basketball, or Marching Band
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Extracurricular School Activities: The Good, the Bad, and the Nonlinear
Marsh, H. W., & Kleitman, S. (2002) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/haer.72.4.051388703v7v7736 · Cited by 509
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Recruiters’ Perceptions and Use of Applicant Résumé Information: Screening the Recent Graduate
Cole, M. S., Rubin, R. S., Feild, H. S., & Giles, W. F. (2007) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00288.x · Cited by 200
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The impact of extra-curricular activity on the student experience
Buckley, P. G., & Lee, P. C. K. (2018) · Active Learning in Higher Education · doi:10.1177/1469787418808988 · Cited by 221
Çivitçi, A. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.09.077 · Cited by 156
Seow, P.-S., & Pan, G. (2014) · Journal of Education for Business · doi:10.1080/08832323.2014.912195 · Cited by 114
How Underrepresented Minority Engineering Students Derive a Sense of Belonging from Engineering
Litzler, E., & Samuelson, C. C. (2020) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--19688 · Cited by 66
Preedy, S., Jones, P. K., Maas, G. J. P., & Duckett, H. (2020) · Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development · doi:10.1108/jsbed-12-2019-0408 · Cited by 61
Metadata
- Authors
- Bartkus, K. R., Nemelka, B., Nemelka, M., & Gardner, P.
- Affiliations
- Utah State University (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Business Education (AJBE)
- Publisher
- Clute Institute
- Published
- 2012-10-30
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 693-704
- ISSN
- 1942-2504 (ISSN-L)
- 1942-2512
- OpenAlex
- W2117149004
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 6.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education and Employability
- Social Sciences › Education › Management and Marketing Education
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Keywords
- extracurricular activities, definitions, co-curricular activities, business students, career development, competence development, academic advising
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