Actividad prefrontal y alcoholismo de fin de semana en jóvenes
Open accessAbstract
Antecedentes. El consumo elevado de alcohol por parte de jóvenes durante el fin de semana se está convirtiendo en un problema social y familiar importante pero también en un problema de salud considerable. El consumo abusivo ocasiona daños en el cerebro pero con diferente distribución, ya que la corteza prefrontal (CP) es una de las regiones que resulta más afectada. Objetivos. Hay numerosos estudios sobre los efectos del consumo crónico de alcohol. Nuestro objetivo es determinar los déficits neuropsicológicos en la actividad prefrontal ocasionados por el consumo abusivo de alcohol de manera intermitente en adolescentes. Método. Se realizó una evaluación neuropsicológica a los sujetos para valorar su rendimiento en diversas tareas que implican a la CP. Participaron 62 sujetos (edad media 18.821.099) distribuidos en tres grupos: 1) Jóvenes que consumían alcohol de manera abusiva durante los fines de semana (ALE); 2) Jóvenes que consumían más moderadamente durante los fines de semana (ALM); y 3) Jóvenes que no consumían alcohol (CTR). Resultados y Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que el consumo abusivo intermitente de alcohol por parte de jóvenes, tanto de manera elevada como moderada, provoca un peor rendimiento en tareas neuropsicológicas como Dígitos, Corsi o Stroop, las cuales dependen de un correcto funcionamiento de la CP. Nuestros resultados apoyan la idea de que este patrón de consumo provoca un deterioro neurocognitivo y neuroconductual similar en muchos aspectos al observado en bebedores crónicos. Además, el consumo abusivo de fin de semana por parte de adolescentes y jóvenes incrementa el riesgo de desarrollar dependencia alcohólica y otras patologías en etapas posteriores de la vida.
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University students are in a particularly important period of neurodevelopment corresponding to the end of prefrontal lobe maturation.
“Los estudiantes universitarios se encuentran además en un momento especialmente importante del neurodesarrollo, que corresponde al final de la maduración del lóbulo prefrontal (García-Moreno, Expósito, Sanhueza y Angulo, 2008), que tiene lugar entre el final de la adolescencia y el inicio de la edad adulta (Blakemore y Choudhury, 2006; Casey, Giedd y Thomas, 2000), etapa caracterizada por el”
From Adicciones a internet y funciones ejecutivas en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática (2020) · cites this paper as García-Moreno, Expósito, Sanhueza y Angulo, 2008
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Adicciones a internet y funciones ejecutivas en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática
Bernabéu Brotóns, E., Marchena Giráldez, C. A., González Pizzio, A., & Lubrini, G. (2020) · Electronic Journal of Research in Education Psychology · doi:10.25115/ejrep.v18i52.3346 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- García-Moreno, L. M., Expósito, J., Sanhueza, C., & Angulo, M. T.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Venue
- Adicciones
- Publisher
- Socidrogalcohol
- Published
- 2008-09-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 271-280
- ISSN
- 0214-4840 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2147169546
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- es
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Adicciones (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- prefrontal cortex, binge drinking, weekend drinking, young adults, alcoholism, neuropsychological deficits, cognitive impairment, Stroop task, alcohol dependence risk
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Alcoholism, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Time Factors, Prefrontal Cortex
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