The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infectious Disease Risk in the Community Setting: A Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
To quantify the effect of hand-hygiene interventions on rates of gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses and to identify interventions that provide the greatest efficacy, we searched 4 electronic databases for hand-hygiene trials published from January 1960 through May 2007 and conducted meta-analyses to generate pooled rate ratios across interventions (N=30 studies). Improvements in hand hygiene resulted in reductions in gastrointestinal illness of 31% (95% confidence intervals [CI]=19%, 42%) and reductions in respiratory illness of 21% (95% CI=5%, 34%). The most beneficial intervention was hand-hygiene education with use of nonantibacterial soap. Use of antibacterial soap showed little added benefit compared with use of nonantibacterial soap. Hand hygiene is clearly effective against gastrointestinal and, to a lesser extent, respiratory infections. Studies examining hygiene practices during respiratory illness and interventions targeting aerosol transmission are needed.
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“the latest published meta-analysis to include any ARI as an outcome was reported in 2008 by Aiello and colleagues”
In the citing paper
“who estimated that hand hygiene improvements reduced ARIs by 21% (95% CI 5-34)”
In the citing paper
“First, the evidence base is out of date.”
In the citing paper
“To our knowledge, this study is the first meta-analysis of the effect of handwashing with soap interventions on any ARI since the 2008 study by Aiello and colleagues.14”
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Citations
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
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Publication and related bias in meta-analysis
Sterne, J. A. C., Gavaghan, D., & Egger, M. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00242-0 · Cited by 2,282
Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings
Boyce, J. M., & Pittet, D. (2002) · American Journal of Infection Control · doi:10.1067/mic.2002.130391 · Cited by 2,241
Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation
Block, S. S. (1977) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-197712000-00013 · Cited by 1,963
Fewtrell, L., Kaufmann, R. B., Kay, D., Enanoria, W. T. A., Haller, L., & Colford, J. M. (2004) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01253-8 · Cited by 1,690
Boyce, J. M., & Pittet, D. (2002) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1086/503164 · Cited by 1,661
Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review
Curtis, V., & Cairncross, S. (2003) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00606-6 · Cited by 1,208
Effect of handwashing on child health: a randomised controlled trial
Luby, S. P., Agboatwalla, M., Feikin, D. R., Painter, J., Billhimer, W., Altaf, A., & Hoekstra, R. M. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66912-7 · Cited by 748
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Facemasks and Hand Hygiene to Prevent Influenza Transmission in Households
Cowling, B. J., Chan, K., Fang, V. J., Cheng, C. K. Y., Fung, R. O. P., Wai, W., Sin, J., Seto, W., Yung, R. W. H., Chu, D. W., et al. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-7-200910060-00142 · Cited by 554
“Index patients Age group 5 y 26 (19) 20 (22) 19 (14) 10 (12) 25 (18) 14 (17) 6–15 y 70 (52) 54 (59) 66 (49) 46 (54) 67 (49) 45 (54) 16–30 y 17 (13) 5 (5) 24 (18) 12 (14) 22 (16) 11 (13) 31–50 y 15 (11) 11 (12) 23 (17) 15 (18) 18 (13) 9 (11) 50 y 6 (4) 1 (1) 4 (3) 2 (2) 5 (4) 4 (5) Median age (IQR), y 10 (6–18) 9 (6–12…”
BackgroundInfluentialFreeman, M. C., Stocks, M. E., Cumming, O., Jeandron, A., Higgins, J. P. T., Wolf, J., Prüss‐Ustün, A., Bonjour, S., Hunter, P. R., Fewtrell, L., et al. (2014) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.12339 · Cited by 524
“…of infections such as pneumonia, influenza, helminths, trachomae, neonatal infections, HIV-associated infections and environmental enteropathies (Aiello et al. 2008; Blencowe et al. 2011; Curtis et al. 2011; Ejere et al. 2012; Ejemot et al. 2012; ; Filteau 2009; ; Freeman et al. 2013; Greenland…”
BackgroundInfection Prevention and Control Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis: 2013 Update
Saiman, L. M., Siegel, J. D., LiPuma, J. J., Brown, R. F., Bryson, E. A., Chambers, M. J., Downer, V. S., Fliege, J. D., Hazle, L., Jain, M., et al. (2014) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1086/676882 · Cited by 405
Aiello, A. E., Murray, G. F., Perez, V., Coulborn, R. M., Davis, B. M., Uddin, M., Shay, D. K., Waterman, S. H., & Monto, A. S. (2010) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/650396 · Cited by 354
“setting [20].”
Self-citationHand washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea
Ejemot-Nwadiaro, R. I., Ehiri, J. E., Arikpo, D., Meremikwu, M. M., & Critchley, J. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004265.pub3 · Cited by 367
Metadata
- Authors
- Aiello, A. E., Coulborn, R. M., Perez, V., & Larson, E. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Allison E. Aiello, Rebecca M. Coulborn, and Vanessa Perez are with the Department of Epidemiology and Center for Social Epidemiology & Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Elaine L. Larson is with the School of Nursing and the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1372-1381
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC2446461
- OpenAlex
- W2109881331
- Cited by
- 796
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
- Keywords
- hand hygiene, gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, infectious disease prevention, community settings, hand hygiene education, antibacterial soap, infection transmission
- MeSH terms
- Communicable Disease Control, Communicable Diseases, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hand Disinfection, Humans, Respiratory Tract Infections, Surface-Active Agents, Databases, Bibliographic, Skin Care, Community-Acquired Infections, Risk Assessment
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