Underlying Causes of the Emerging Nonmetropolitan Mortality Penalty
Open accessAbstract
The nonmetropolitan mortality penalty results in an estimated 40 201 excessive US deaths per year, deaths that would not occur if nonmetropolitan and metropolitan residents died at the same rate. We explored the underlying causes of the nonmetropolitan mortality penalty by examining variation in cause of death. Declines in heart disease and cancer death rates in metropolitan areas drive the nonmetropolitan mortality penalty. Future work should explore why the top causes of death are higher in nonmetropolitan areas than they are in metropolitan areas.
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Medical factors associated with higher co-morbid diseases among rural adults may play a causal role in their higher obesity prevalence, but the authors believe obesity is more likely driving rural-urban chronic disease disparities.
“Medical factors associated with higher co-morbid diseases among rural adults4 may also be playing a causal role in their higher obesity prevalence; however, we believe the reverse is more likely with obesity being one of the driving forces for rural-urban chronic disease disparities.”
From Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults From Rural and Urban Areas of the United States: Findings From NHANES (2005‐2008) (2012) · cites this paper as [4]
Rural residents have higher rates of chronic diseases and higher all-cause mortality than urban residents.
“Compared to their urban counterparts, rural residents experience higher rates of chronic diseases and higher prevalence of all-cause mortality.2–4”
From Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults From Rural and Urban Areas of the United States: Findings From NHANES (2005‐2008) (2012) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Cossman, J. S., James, W. L., Cosby, A. G., & Cossman, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Mississippi State University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1417-1419
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC2901280
- OpenAlex
- W2022475114
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Mississippi State University
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Keywords
- cause-specific mortality, heart disease mortality, cancer mortality, metropolitan areas, rural health, excess mortality
- MeSH terms
- Cause of Death, Forecasting, Health Services Accessibility, Heart Diseases, Humans, Life Expectancy, National Center for Health Statistics, U.S., Neoplasms, Population Surveillance, Quality of Health Care, Rural Health, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Urban Health, Causality, Incidence, Cluster Analysis, Stroke
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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