The Associations of Clinicians’ Implicit Attitudes About Race With Medical Visit Communication and Patient Ratings of Interpersonal Care

In one study, the negative rating of interaction was also given by external observers.

“and, in one study, also negatively rated by external observers [23].”

The only three studies conducted in naturalistic settings combined the IAT with measures of physician-patient interaction.

“The only three studies conducted in naturalistic settings combined the IAT with measures of physician-patient interaction [22–24].”

Three studies found a significant correlation between high levels of physicians' implicit bias against blacks on IAT scores and interaction that was negatively rated by black patients.

“Three studies found a significant correlation between high levels of physicians’ implicit bias against blacks on IAT scores and interaction that was negatively rated by black patients [23, 24, 44]”

The review shows clearer evidence for a relationship between implicit bias and negative effects on clinical interaction.

“As our review shows, there is clearer evidence for a relationship between implicit bias and negative effects on clinical interaction [23, 24, 44].”

In some studies, the attitudes of patients towards healthcare professionals were recorded and used to evaluate clinical interaction.

“In some studies, the attitudes of patients towards healthcare professionals were recorded and used to evaluate clinical interaction [23, 24, 44].”

Exposure to communication skills training was not associated with lower race-IAT scores for physicians.

“Exposure to communication skills training was not associated with lower race-IAT scores for physicians [23].”

More implicit bias was associated with less patient-centered dialogue, lower patient positive affect, lower perception of respect from the clinician, less patient liking of the clinician and lower trust and confidence in clinician.

“For example, more implicit bias was associated with less patient-centered dialogue, lower patient positive affect, lower perception of respect from the clinician, less patient liking of the clinician and lower trust and confidence in clinician”

Provider implicit bias was associated with poorer quality of patient provider communication and lower patient evaluation of the quality of the medical encounter including provider nonverbal behavior.

“Another study of providers who work in safety net clinics in a major metropolitan area found that provider implicit bias was associated with poorer quality of patient provider communication and lower patient evaluation of the quality of the medical encounter including provider nonverbal behavior [74].”