Lifetime Socioeconomic Inequalities in Physical and Cognitive Aging
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Objectives. We examined the relationship between childhood and adult socioeconomic position (SEP) and objectively assessed, later-life functioning. Methods. We used the Medical Research Council’s National Survey of Health and Development data to examine performance at 60 to 64 years (obtained in 2006–2011) for a representative UK sample. We compared 9 physical and cognitive performance measures (forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, handgrip strength, chair rise time, standing balance time, timed get up and go speed, verbal memory score, processing speed, and simple reaction time) over the SEP distribution. Results. Each performance measure was socially graded. Those at the top of the childhood SEP distribution had between 7% and 20% better performance than those at the bottom. Inequalities generally persisted after adjustment for adult SEP. When we combined the 9 performance measures, the relative difference was 66% (95% confidence interval = 53%, 78%). Conclusions. Public health practice should monitor and target inequalities in functional performance, as well as risk of disease and death. Effective strategies will need to affect the social determinants of health in early life to influence inequalities into old age.
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SES was significantly positively associated with PS throughout all analyses.
“SES was also significantly positively associated with PS throughout all analyses.”
From Diagnostic Associations of Processing Speed in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample (2020) · cites this paper as [96]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Hurst, L., Stafford, M., Cooper, R., Hardy, R., Richards, M., & Kuh, D.
- Affiliations
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (GB)
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2013-09
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1641-1648
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC3780680
- OpenAlex
- W2164365654
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 9.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (PAS/01/PDA/021)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Keywords
- socioeconomic disparities, aging, physical function, cognitive function, childhood socioeconomic position, social determinants of health, functional performance, older adults, National Survey of Health and Development, health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aging, Cognition, Postural Balance, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, United Kingdom, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychology, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Vital Capacity, Hand Strength, Health Status Disparities
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