The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers
Abstract
Questionnaire and biochemical measures of smoking were studied in 211 hospital outpatients. Eleven different tests of smoke intake were compared for their ability to categorize smokers and nonsmokers correctly. The concentration of cotinine, whether measured in plasma, saliva, or urine, was the best indicator of smoking, with sensitivity of 96-97 per cent and specificity of 99-100 per cent. Thiocyanate provided the poorest discrimination. Carbon monoxide measured as blood carboxyhaemoglobin or in expired air gave sensitivity and specificity of about 90 per cent. Sensitivities of the tests were little affected by the presence among the claimed nonsmokers of a group of 21 "deceivers" who concealed their smoking. It is concluded that cotinine is the measure of choice, but for most clinical applications carbon monoxide provides an acceptable degree of discrimination and is considerably cheaper and simpler to apply.
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“Cotinine is a reliable biomarker for nicotine levels (sensitivity of 96–97%, specificity of 99–100%)19”
From Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Newborn Neurobehavior: Effects at 10 to 27 Days (2009) · cites this paper as [19]
Citations
Cites
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
Michel, D. (1982) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03330120023025 · Cited by 2,211
Expired air carbon monoxide: a simple breath test of tobacco smoke intake.
Jarvis, M. J., Russell, M. A. H., & Saloojee, Y. (1980) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6238.484 · Cited by 376
Validation of self-reported smoking behavior: biochemical analyses of cotinine and thiocyanate.
Haley, N. J., Axelrad, C. M., & Tilton, K. (1983) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.73.10.1204 · Cited by 286
Controlled trial of three different antismoking interventions in general practice.
Jamrozik, K. D., Vessey, M. P., Fowler, G., Wald, N. J., Parker, G., & Vunakis, H. V. (1984) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.288.6429.1499 · Cited by 258
Cotinine in the serum, saliva, and urine of nonsmokers, passive smokers, and active smokers.
Wall, M. A., Johnson, J., Jacob, P., & Benowitz, N. L. (1988) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.78.6.699 · Cited by 241
Expired air carbon monoxide and serum thiocyanate as objective measures of cigarette exposure.
VOGT, T. M., Selvin, S., Widdowson, G. M., & Hulley, S. B. (1977) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.67.6.545 · Cited by 211
Carbon monoxide in breath in relation to smoking and carboxyhaemoglobin levels.
Wald, N. J., Idle, M., Boreham, J., & Bailey, A. (1981) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.36.5.366 · Cited by 209
Low cost carbon monoxide monitors in smoking assessment.
Jarvis, M. J., Belcher, M., VESEY, C. J., & Hutchison, D. C. S. (1986) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.41.11.886 · Cited by 201
Sillett, R. W., Wilson, M. B., Malcolm, R., & Ball, K. P. (1978) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6146.1185 · Cited by 163
Optimum cutoff points for biochemical validation of smoking status.
Cummings, S. R., & Richard, R. J. (1988) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.78.5.574 · Cited by 143
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The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire
HEATHERTON, T. F., KOZLOWSKI, L. T., FRECKER, R. C., & FAGERSTROM, K. (1991) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x · Cited by 10,738
“…were unpaid volunteers who participated between 10.00 a.m. and 3.30 p.m. Subjects provided a breath sample for CO testing and a saliva sample for salivary cotinine (a stable metabolite of nicotine; Abrams et al., 1987; Jarvis et al., 1987; Kozlowski & Herling, 1988) and salivary nicotine testing.”
MethodInfluentialBiochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation
Benowitz, N. L., III, P. J., Ahijevych, K., Jarvis, M. J., Hall, S., LeHouezec, J., Hansson, A., Lichtenstein, E., Henningfield, J., Tsoh, J., et al. (2002) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200210123581 · Cited by 1,800
Self-citationPsychological Stress and Susceptibility to the Common Cold
Cohen, S., Tyrrell, D. A. J., & Smith, A. P. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199108293250903 · Cited by 1,712
Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., Rickert, W. S., & Robinson, J. C. (1989) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03059.x · Cited by 1,316
Gorber, S. C., Schofield-Hurwitz, S., Hardt, J., Levasseur, G., & Tremblay, M. (2009) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntn010 · Cited by 1,079
Metadata
- Authors
- Jarvis, M. J., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Feyerabend, C., Vesey, C., & Saloojee, Y.
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 1987-11
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1435-1438
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- OpenAlex
- W2147528426
- Cited by
- 994
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 11.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- smoking detection, cotinine, carbon monoxide, carboxyhemoglobin, thiocyanate, salivary biomarkers, urinary biomarkers, plasma biomarkers, questionnaire-based screening, sensitivity and specificity
- MeSH terms
- Carbon Monoxide, Chromatography, Gas, Cotinine, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine, Pyrrolidinones, Surveys and Questionnaires, Saliva, Smoking, Thiocyanates
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