The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Recurring urinary tract infection: incidence and risk factors.
Open accessAbstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection among young women, with a high recurrence rate. This study documents the six-month incidence of second UTI among a cohort of women with one initial UTI and the factors associated with recurrence. Among the cohort of 113 women, 30 (26.6 percent) experienced at least one culture-confirmed recurrence within the six months following initial infection. The presence of hematuria and urgency as symptoms of initial infection were the strongest predictors of second infection. Behavioral factors associated with initial infection (frequency of sexual intercourse, diaphragm use, and voiding after sexual intercourse) did not distinguish between women who would and would not experience a second UTI during the six-month follow-up period.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Persistent bacterial infections and persister cells
Fisher, R. A., Gollan, B., & Helaine, S. (2017) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.42 · Cited by 1,243
Detection of Intracellular Bacterial Communities in Human Urinary Tract Infection
Rosen, D. A., Hooton, T. M., Stamm, W. E., Humphrey, P. A., & Hultgren, S. J. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040329 · Cited by 651
“Women have a 25% chance of experiencing a recurrent UTI within six months [9] of an index episode and a 44% chance of recurrence within one year [10] despite appropriate therapy of the initial infection and negative follow-up urine cultures.”
Justice, S. S., Hung, C., Theriot, J. A., Fletcher, D. A., Anderson, G. G., Footer, M. J., & Hultgren, S. J. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0308125100 · Cited by 632
Stapleton, A. E., Au-Yeung, M., Hooton, T. M., Fredricks, D. N., Roberts, P. L., Czaja, C. A., Yarova-Yarovaya, Y., Fiedler, T., Cox, M., & Stamm, W. E. (2011) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cir183 · Cited by 484
Mucosal Immunization with Iron Receptor Antigens Protects against Urinary Tract Infection
Alteri, C. J., Hagan, E. C., Sivick, K. E., Smith, S. N., & Mobley, H. L. T. (2009) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000586 · Cited by 201
Metadata
- Authors
- Foxman, B.
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 1990-03
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 331-333
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- OpenAlex
- W2021277836
- Cited by
- 435
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 0.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Recurring urinary tract infection: incidence and risk factors. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2105/ajph.80.3.331
- The paper
- Foxman, B. (1990). Recurring urinary tract infection: incidence and risk factors. American Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.80.3.331
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
