The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Income inequality and mortality in metropolitan areas of the United States.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: This study examined associations between income inequality and mortality in 282 US metropolitan areas. METHODS: Income inequality measures were calculated from the 1990 US Census. Mortality was calculated from National Center for Health Statistics data and modeled with weighted linear regressions of the log age-adjusted rate. RESULTS: Excess mortality between metropolitan areas with high and low income inequality ranged from 64.7 to 95.8 deaths per 100,000 depending on the inequality measure. In age-specific analyses, income inequality was most evident for infant mortality and for mortality between ages 15 and 64. CONCLUSIONS: Higher income inequality is associated with increased mortality at all per capita income levels. Areas with high income inequality and low average income had excess mortality of 139.8 deaths per 100,000 compared with areas with low inequality and high income. The magnitude of this mortality difference is comparable to the combined loss of life from lung cancer, diabetes, motor vehicle crashes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, suicide, and homicide in 1995. Given the mortality burden associated with income inequality, public and private sector initiatives to reduce economic inequalities should be a high priority.
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Cites
Social capital, income inequality, and mortality.
Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B. P., Lochner, K., & Prothrow-Stith, D. (1997) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.9.1491 · Cited by 3,212
Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature.
Kaplan, G. A., & Keil, J. E. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.4.1973 · Cited by 1,845
Self-citationLynch, J. W., Kaplan, G. A., Cohen, R. D., Tuomilehto, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1996) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008863 · Cited by 547
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Cited by
The Association Between Income and Life Expectancy in the United States, 2001–2014
Chetty, R., Stepner, M., Abraham, S., Lin, S., Scuderi, B., Turner, N., Bergeron, A., & Cutler, D. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.4226 · Cited by 2,812
Is Income Inequality a Determinant of Population Health? Part 1. A Systematic Review
LYNCH, J., SMITH, G. D., HARPER, S., HILLEMEIER, M., ROSS, N., KAPLAN, G. A., & WOLFSON, M. (2004) · The Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.0887-378x.2004.00302.x · Cited by 938
Self-citationUrban Sprawl and Public Health
Frumkin, H., Frank, L., & Jackson, R. (2002) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1093/phr/117.3.201 · Cited by 760
Estimated deaths attributable to social factors in the United States
Galea, S., Tracy, M., Hoggatt, K. J., DiMaggio, C., & Karpati, A. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2010.300086 · Cited by 606
The Utility of Social Capital in Research on Health Determinants
Macinko, J., & Starfield, B. (2001) · The Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.00213 · Cited by 490
Metadata
- Authors
- Lynch, J. W., Kaplan, G. A., Pamuk, E. R., Cohen, R. D., Heck, K. E., Balfour, J. L., & Yen, I. H.
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 1998-07
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1074-1080
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- OpenAlex
- W2149003818
- Cited by
- 579
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 50.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Lynch, J. W., Kaplan, G. A., Pamuk, E. R., Cohen, R. D., Heck, K. E., Balfour, J. L., & Yen, I. H. (1998). Income inequality and mortality in metropolitan areas of the United States. American Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.88.7.1074
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