The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Urban–Rural Shifts in Intentional Firearm Death: Different Causes, Same Results
Abstract
Objectives. We analyzed urban–rural differences in intentional firearm death. Methods. We analyzed 584629 deaths from 1989 to 1999 assigned to 3141 US counties, using negative binomial regressions and an 11-category urban–rural variable. Results. The most urban counties had 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.87, 1.20) times the adjusted firearm death rate of the most rural counties. The most rural counties experienced 1.54 (95% CI=1.29, 1.83) times the adjusted firearm suicide rate of the most urban. The most urban counties experienced 1.90 (95% CI=1.50, 2.40) times the adjusted firearm homicide rate of the most rural. Similar opposing trends were not found for nonfirearm suicide or homicide. Conclusions. Firearm suicide in rural counties is as important a public health problem as firearm homicide in urban counties. Policymakers should become aware that intentional firearm deaths affect all types of communities in the United States.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Regression Analysis of Count Data
Cameron, A. C., & Trivedi, P. K. (2013) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139013567 · Cited by 6,640
Cited by
Anglemyer, A., Horvath, T., & Rutherford, G. (2014) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m13-1301 · Cited by 623
Widening Rural-Urban Disparities in Youth Suicides, United States, 1996-2010
Fontanella, C. A., Hiance-Steelesmith, D. L., Phillips, G. S., Bridge, J. A., Lester, N., Sweeney, H. A., & Campo, J. V. (2015) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3561 · Cited by 375
Wray, M., Colen, C., & Pescosolido, B. (2011) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-081309-150058 · Cited by 358
Suicide Case-Fatality Rates in the United States, 2007 to 2014: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Conner, A., Azrael, D., & Miller, M. (2019) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m19-1324 · Cited by 286
Epidemiologic trends in fatal and nonfatal firearm injuries in the US, 2009-2017.
Kaufman, E. J., Wiebe, D. J., Xiong, R. A., Morrison, C. N., Seamon, M. J., & Delgado, M. K. (2021) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6696 · Cited by 285
Metadata
- Authors
- Branas, C. C., Nance, M. L., Elliott, M. R., Richmond, T. S., & Schwab, C. W.
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1750-1755
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- OpenAlex
- W2163517780
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 3.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Urban–Rural Shifts in Intentional Firearm Death: Different Causes, Same Results. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2105/ajph.94.10.1750
- The paper
- Branas, C. C., Nance, M. L., Elliott, M. R., Richmond, T. S., & Schwab, C. W. (2004). Urban–Rural Shifts in Intentional Firearm Death: Different Causes, Same Results. American Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.94.10.1750
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.