Cited by 365Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeochemistry and Elemental AnalysisGeological formations and processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

The Oceans; A Possible Source of Iron in Iron-Formations

Holland, Heinrich D.·1973·Economic Geology

DOI 10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1169

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Recent work on one of the major banded iron-formations of the world--that of the Hamersley Basin of Australia--has defined the total amount of iron and the probable time interval of accumulation of the large iron ore deposits in the basin. The inferred rate of influx of iron into the basin is so large that a derivation of the iron from weathering and transport into the basin by rivers is unlikely. For the same reason derivation of the iron from volcanic sources is also unlikely. Derivation of the iron from the ocean floor is quantitatively possible if deep ocean water containing a few mg/1 of dissolved iron welled up, was oxidized in near surface environments, and deposited its iron in the basin. Iron concentrations of a few mg/1 in deep ocean water are quite reasonable if these water masses were saturated with respect to siderite and calcite.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1169

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Still being checked.

Sorted by citations

Items 301–365 of 365

The Prebiotic Chemistry of Nitrogen and the Origin of Life
Summers, D. P. (2012) · Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2941-4_12 · Cited by 4
Logan Medallist 8. Trace Elements in Iron Formation as a Window into Biogeochemical Evolution Accompanying the Oxygenation of Earth’s Atmosphere
Konhauser, K. O., Kappler, A. A., Lalonde, S. V., & Robbins, L. J. (2023) · Geoscience Canada · doi:10.12789/geocanj.2023.50.201 · Cited by 4
Bulk geochemistry, Rb–Sr, Sm–Nd, and stable O–H isotope systematics of the Metzimevin high-grade iron ore deposit, Mbalam iron ore district, southern Cameroon
Tufoin, S. C., Suh, C. E., Tabod, T. C., & Ngiamte, G. L. (2023) · Acta Geochimica · doi:10.1007/s11631-023-00667-x · Cited by 4
Geochemistry and Formation Conditions of Mesoarchean Banded Iron Formations (BIF-1) from the Kostomuksha Greenstone Belt, Karelian Craton
Slabunov, A. I., Нестерова, Н. С., & Максимов, О. А. (2024) · Geochemistry International · doi:10.1134/s0016702924030054 · Cited by 6
Timing and Relationships Among Precambrian Crustal and Atmospheric Evolution and Banded Iron-Formations
McLennan, S. M. (1980) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-48739-2_8 · Cited by 4
Characterization of Banded Iron Formations by Two‐Dimensional XRF Imaging and XANES Analyses
Matsunaga, M., FUKUDA, K., Kato, Y., & Nakai, I. (2000) · Resource Geology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-3928.2000.tb00057.x · Cited by 4
The mineralogy, mineral chemistry, and origin of the Wuyang banded iron formations, North China Craton
Li, H., Liang, J. S., Yang, F., Zhai, M., Zhang, L., Voudouris, P. C., Yang, Z., Zhou, Y., He, J., & Spry, P. G. (2019) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2019.03.011 · Cited by 4
Metabolic evolution of pyranopterin-dependent biochemistryPreprint
Goldford, J. E., Murali, R., Valentine, J. S., & Fischer, W. W. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.09.01.555371 · Cited by 3
Mysteries of metallome evolution: Integrating insights from the Earth and life sciences
Rico, K. I., Garcia, A. K., Saito, M. A., Kaçar, B., & Anbar, A. D. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99762-1.00143-1 · Cited by 4
Evidence for abundant organic matter in a Neoarchean banded iron formation
Peng, Z., Nan, J., Zhang, L., Poulton, S. W., Zhou, J., Yuan, Y., Ta, K., Wang, C., & Zhai, M. (2023) · American Mineralogist · doi:10.2138/am-2023-8927 · Cited by 3
Archean Itabirites From Ovan, NE-Gabon: Petrography, Mineralogy And Elemental Mapping
Retonda-Kondja, S., Ondo, S. M. N., Edou-Minko, A., Sato, T., Moussavou, B. M., & Moussavou, M. (2021) · European Scientific Journal ESJ · doi:10.19044/esj.2021.v17n25p380 · Cited by 3
FE(II) OXIDATION BY ANAEROBIC PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND GEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Croal, L. R. (2005) · CaltechTHESIS (California Institute of Technology) · doi:10.7907/pw00-w724 · Cited by 3
Early Evolution of Life and Economic Mineral and Hydrocarbon Resources
Schidlowski, M. (1990) · Developments in precambrian geology · doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(08)70186-5 · Cited by 3
Archean variolites: source of iron in the Precambrian environment?
Brooks, C. (1977) · Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences · doi:10.1139/e77-054 · Cited by 3
Relations of the earth's metallogenetic history to possible chemical evolution of oceans.
Kajiwara, Y. (1976) · GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL · doi:10.2343/geochemj.10.43 · Cited by 3
Elliptical textures preserved in Lake Superior-type Hamersley banded iron-formations and its genetic significance.
Kimura, S., & Kato, Y. (1998) · doi:10.11456/shigenchishitsu1992.48.93 · Cited by 3
Reassessing the photochemical contribution to Archean Banded Iron Formations
Vergeli, P. C., Romaniello, S. J., Hartnett, H. E., & Anbar, A. D. (2025) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.122763 · Cited by 2
Petrological and geochemical characteristics of the Skouraz banded iron formation in the Bou Azzer inlier, central Anti-Atlas, Morocco: Insights into geodynamic implications
Wafik, A., Massoude, M. B., Ntarmouchant, N., Admou, H., Chatiby, R., Atif, Y., & Pour, A. B. (2026) · Journal of African Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2026.106006 · Cited by 2
The Petrography and geochemistry of iron-bearing units from Mingo’o area (Ntem complex, southern Cameroon)
Edjo-Minko, R., Mbowou, G. I. B., Daama, I., Dagwaï, N., & Essi, M.-F. M. (2024) · International Journal of Advanced Geosciences · doi:10.14419/00a8vb15 · Cited by 2
The Possible Photochemical Origins of Banded Iron Formations
Castleberry, P. (2017) · Arizona State University Library Digital Repository (Arizona State University) · Cited by 2
Banded Iron Formation
Mloszewska, A. M., Haugaard, R. N., Ernesto Pecoits, A., & Konhauser, K. O. (2015) · Encyclopedia of Astrobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_147 · Cited by 2
Ecological resource competition as a driver of metallome evolutionPreprint
Sobol, M. S., Rucker, H. R., Libby, E., Kaçar, B., & Anbar, A. D. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.12.11.627971 · Cited by 1
Geochemistry and Evolutionary Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements in Ordovician Carbonate-Evaporite Rocks of the Central-Eastern Ordos Basin, Central China
Bao, H., Shi, B., Ma, Z., Wei, L., Ting, Y. A. N., Yan, W., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c03353 · Cited by 1
Survival of cyanobacteria and mitigation of Fe(II) toxicity effects in a silica-rich Archean ocean
Dreher, C., Cirpka, O. A., Schad, M., Konhauser, K. O., & Kappler, A. A. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-69826-x · Cited by 1
Breathing both ways: simultaneous aerobic–anaerobic respiration in microbes
Digel, L., Ceriotti, G., Keller, L. M., Marshall, I. P. G., Berg, J. S., Boyd, E. S., & Aiyer, K. S. (2026) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.010 · Cited by 1
Anoxic photo-oxidation of Mn(II)-bearing carbonates on Mars and early Earth
Guo, J., Zhu, Y., Tosca, N. J., Pan, L., Catling, D. C., Liu, Y., Zhang, W. L., Chaddha, A. S., Ju, P., Li, J., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2607260123 · Cited by 1
Evolution of Photoautotrophy and Early Atmospheric Oxygen Levels
Schidlowski, M. (1983) · Developments in precambrian geology · doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(08)70249-4 · Cited by 1
Geochemistry and depositional environment of the Neoproterozoic Ereen and Dartsagt banded iron formation (BIF) deposits in the Idermeg terrane, eastern Mongolia
Iderbayar, B., Oyungerel, S., & Kim, Y. (2024) · Geosciences Journal · doi:10.1007/s12303-023-0041-6 · Cited by 1
Geochemistry and conditions of formation of Mesoarchean banded iron formations (BIF-1) from the Kostomuksha Greenstone belt, Karelian Craton
Slabunov, A. I., Нестерова, Н. С., & Максимов, О. А. (2024) · Геохимия · doi:10.31857/s0016752524030032 · Cited by 1
Archean Continental Crustal Accretion and Banded Iron Formations, Southeastern North China Craton
Yang, X., & Liu, L. (2016) · Springer geology · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1064-4_6 · Cited by 1
Glycinimin – Das schwer fassbare α‐Iminosäure‐Intermediat bei der Reduktiven Aminierung der Glyoxylsäure
Paczelt, V., Wende, R. C., Schreiner, P. R., & Eckhardt, A. K. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202218548 · Cited by 1
Geochemistry of Late Archaean shaly BIF formed by oxic exogenic processes: an example from Ramagiri schist belt, Dharwar Craton, India
Mishra, M. (2015) · Acta Geochimica · doi:10.1007/s11631-015-0058-2 · Cited by 1
References
(1996) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012289770-2/50007-8 · Cited by 1
Rare Earth Elements in the Early Archaean Isua Iron-Formation, West Greenland
Appel, P. W. U. (1983) · Developments in precambrian geology · doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(08)70245-7 · Cited by 1
Atmospheric Constraints on the Evolution of Metabolism
Walker, J. C. G. (1980) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-9085-2_11 · Cited by 1
References
(1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-289870-9.50012-6 · Cited by 1
Evolution of the Earth System
Shikazono, N. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54058-8_6
Iron ores of sedimentary affiliation
Edwards, R., & Atkinson, K. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-8056-6_8
A master of the earth: H.D. Holland and his contributions to geochemistry
Mottl, M. J. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.10.003
The Abundance and Behavior of Viruses in Ancient Seawater and Modern Iron-rich Environments
Liu, H. K.-Y. (2011) · doi:10.7907/vttr-hs63
Petrology and field relations of Precambrian metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks west of Twin Bridges southwestern Montana
Gordon, E. A. (1979) · The Mathematics Enthusiast
Petrology and Origin of Precambrian Metamorphic Rocks in the Eastern Ruby Moutains Southwestern Montana
Smith, K. (1980) · The Mathematics Enthusiast
Caracterização e gênese das formações ferríferas do Complexo Lagoa do Alegre (Ba) com base em estudos geológicos, petrológicos e isotópicos
Pires, A. S. (2016) · doi:10.26512/2016.07.d.22067
Response to the reply by Warchola et al. to the discussion by D.F. Lascelles on the paper: Tyler Warcholaa, Stefan V. Lalonde, Ernesto Pecoits, Konstantin von Gunten, Leslie J. Robbins, Daniel S. Alessi, Pascal Philippot, Kurt O. Konhauser. Petrology and geochemistry of the Boolgeeda Iron Formation, Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. Precambrian Research 316 (2018) 155–173
Lascelles, D. F. (2019) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105373
Rare elements — setting markers of the formation of the manganese and iron ore deposits of Kalahari and Postmasburg areas (South Africa). Communication 1. Kalahari manganese field
Varentsov, I. M., & Kuleshov, V. N. (2019) · Литология и полезные ископаемые · doi:10.31857/s0024-497x20194364-386
Chemical Sediments
Lewis, D. W., & McConchie, D. M. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2634-6_9
References
(1982) · Developments in precambrian geology · doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(08)70069-0
References
(2004) · Developments in precambrian geology · doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(04)80016-1
Precambrian Atmospheric Oxygen and Banded Iron Formations: A Delayed Ocean Model
Towe, K. M. (1983) · Developments in precambrian geology · doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(08)70241-x
Aspects of the Geologic History of Seawater
Holland, H. D. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-015-1118-6_6
Banded Iron Formation
Mloszewska, A. M., Haugaard, R. N., Ernesto Pecoits, A., & Konhauser, K. O. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Astrobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_147-8
Study on Iron Source and Original Mineral Assemblage of Iron Formation in Paleoproterozoic Wuzhiling Formation in North China
Tang, B. (2023) · Environment Resource and Ecology Journal · doi:10.23977/erej.2023.070204
Petrogenetic Characterization of Banded Iron Formations of Bidjouka Area, Nyong Complex, Southern Cameroon: Implication for the Origin and Depositional Environment of Paleoproterozic BifsPreprint
Jean-Lavenir, N. M., Sigué, C., Cedric, D. M., Estelle, N. E. T. P., Mukete, C. D., & Gloire, K. T. S. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4492338
Genesis of the Longwanggou iron deposit in the Yudongzi Complex, South China: Implications for the redox state of seawater at the onset of the Great oxidation Event
Ye, H., Wu, C., Brzozowski, M. J., Yang, T., Sun, X., Lei, R., & Li, W. (2023) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105562
Banded Iron Formation
Mloszewska, A. M., Haugaard, R. N., Ernesto Pecoits, A., & Konhauser, K. O. (2023) · Encyclopedia of Astrobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65093-6_147
Geochemistry of Banded Iron Ore from Obulapuram Area of Sandur Schist Belt, Southern India
Bhat, N. A., Ghosh, P., Bhimte, A. D., Mishra, S., Barik, S. K., Sahu, S. S., Mishra, R., & Mohan, R. V. (2025) · Journal of the Geological Society of India · doi:10.17491/jgsi/2025/174263
Colloidal origin of hematite in Pleistocene iron-rich sedimentary rocks from Milos Island, Greece: An analogue for Precambrian iron shuttle
Sun, S., Klemd, R., & Voudouris, P. C. (2025) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.123130
Evolving life and secular changes in Archean sedimentation processes
Altermann, W. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95547-8.00044-6
Archean carbonate platforms
Fralick, P. W., Ramsay, B., Afroz, M., Lalonde, S. V., & Riding, R. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95547-8.00043-4
Iron-oxide and carbonate formation and transformations from banded iron formations 2.7 to 2.4 Ga
Morgan, R. (2012) · doi:10.70675/8a58efebz56f5z47a9z9728z397fa0a02cef
Développement et application de la mesure des isotopes de l'europium pour étudier l'évolution de l'activité hydrothermale dans les océans
Nicol, L. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/987747e1zea54z4fdfzaa67z24c2791eb108
Hematite and siderite nanocrystals in ∼3.48 Ga Dresser Formation jaspilite: Implications for early atmospheric O2 and CO2
Zhou, T., Xu, H., Lee, S., & Roden, E. (2026) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2026.07.024
Fabric and geochemistry of Fe-Mn concretions from a Middle Jurassic Rosso Ammonitico drowning succession (Southern Alps, NE Italy)Preprint
Coccia, N., Porta, G. D., Marini, M., & Berra, F. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7466943
Metabolic adaptation of a methanogen to a ferruginous environment associated with intracellular Fe- and S-rich nanoparticles
Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., 盛翊智, Chen, H., Li, G., & Dong, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1967823
Petrography, chemostratigraphy, and depositional controls on the Paleoproterozoic Weeli Wolli Iron Formation, Hamersley Basin, Western Australia
Li, Z., Konhauser, K. O., Ernesto Pecoits, A., Aubet, N. R., Lalonde, S. V., Zurevinski, S. E., Alessi, D. S., & Robbins, L. J. (2026) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2026.108281

Authors: Holland, H. D.
Corresponding author: Holland, Heinrich D.
Venue: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
Published: 1973-11-01
Volume: 68
Issue: 7
Pages: 1169-1172
ISSN: 0361-0128 (ISSN-L)
1554-0774
DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1169
OpenAlex: W2132760947
Cited by: 365
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 6.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Economic Geology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Geological formations and processes
Keywords: banded iron formations, Hamersley Basin, iron sources, deep-sea water, dissolved iron, iron oxidation, siderite, calcite saturation, iron ore deposits, Precambrian

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Oceans; A Possible Source of Iron in Iron-Formations

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks