Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 897

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

MANUAL FOR KIT OF REFERENCE TESTS FOR COGNITIVE FACTORS (REVISED 1963)

French, John W., Ekstrom, Ruth B., Price, Leighton A.·1963

Abstract

The tests in this Kit are suggested for use in factorial studies where representation is desired for any of the following named aptitude or achievement factors: flexibility of closure; speed of closure; associational fluency; expressional fluency; ideational fluency; word fluency; induction; length estimation; associative (rote) memory; mechanical knowledge; memory span; number facility; originality; perceptual speed; general reasoning; semandefinition; syllogistic reasoning; spatial orientation; sensitivity to problems; spatial scanning; verbal comprehension; visualization; figural adaptive flexibility; and semantic spontaneous flexibility. The purpose of the Kit is to provide research workers with a set of tests for defining each of these factor. The use of the Kit tests for this purpose will facilitate interpretation and the confident comparison of one factor study with another. Use of the Kit tests should provide this common ground for the objective comparison of factors. This manual does not provide the usual reliability, norming, validity, or other information ordinarily expected in a test manual. Such information has not been included because these tests are suggested for the single purpose of factorial research.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.21236/ad0410915

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 897

Metadata

Authors
French, J. W., Ekstrom, R. B., & Price, L. A.
Published
1963-06-01
OpenAlex
W1529219430
Cited by
897
References
0
Type
report
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: MANUAL FOR KIT OF REFERENCE TESTS FOR COGNITIVE FACTORS (REVISED 1963). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.21236/ad0410915
The paper
French, J. W., Ekstrom, R. B., & Price, L. A. (1963). MANUAL FOR KIT OF REFERENCE TESTS FOR COGNITIVE FACTORS (REVISED 1963). https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0410915

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.