The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Students as Experimental Participants: A Defense of the 'Narrow Data Base'
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion
Zaller, J. R. (1992) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511818691 · Cited by 7,785
Sears, D. O. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.3.515 · Cited by 2,119
Peterson, R. A. (2001) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/323732 · Cited by 1,258
External validity of "trivial" experiments: The case of laboratory aggression.
Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (1997) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037//1089-2680.1.1.19 · Cited by 508
Do people behave in experiments as in the field?—evidence from donations
Benz, M., & Meier, S. (2008) · Experimental Economics · doi:10.1007/s10683-007-9192-y · Cited by 428
Cited by
Evaluating Online Labor Markets for Experimental Research: Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk
Berinsky, A. J., Huber, G. A., & Lenz, G. S. (2012) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1093/pan/mpr057 · Cited by 4,008
When Corrections Fail: The Persistence of Political Misperceptions
Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2010) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-010-9112-2 · Cited by 3,173
The Generalizability of Survey Experiments
Mullinix, K. J., Leeper, T. J., Druckman, J. N., & Freese, J. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Political Science · doi:10.1017/xps.2015.19 · Cited by 1,228
Self-citationSee Something, Say Something: Correction of Global Health Misinformation on Social Media
Bode, L., & Vraga, E. K. (2018) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2017.1331312 · Cited by 745
Demand Effects in Survey Experiments: An Empirical Assessment
MUMMOLO, J., & PETERSON, E. (2019) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055418000837 · Cited by 548
Metadata
- Authors
- Druckman, J. N., & Kam, C. D.
- Venue
- SSRN Electronic Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009
- ISSN
- 1556-5068 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1601258818
- Cited by
- 350
- References
- 6
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Students as Experimental Participants: A Defense of the 'Narrow Data Base'. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2139/ssrn.1498843
- The paper
- Druckman, J. N., & Kam, C. D. (2009). Students as Experimental Participants: A Defense of the 'Narrow Data Base'. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1498843
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.