Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic Have-Nots and Cultural Backlash
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Right-wing populist movements tend to arise during times of economic hardship.
“Because right-wing populist movements tend to arise during times of economic hardship (Hutchings and Valentino 2004; Inglehart and Norris 2016; Algan et al. 2017), a related explanation for the co-occurrence of heightened animus toward both foreign trading partners and foreign-born individuals stems from political opportunism.”
From Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure (2020) · cites this paper as Inglehart and Norris 2016
The analysis of European populist voting (p. 28) finds that experience of unemployment was positively linked with populist support. But it describes the evidence across economic-insecurity measures as mixed and does not establish that right-wing populist movements tend to arise during periods of economic hardship. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCore to populism is a backlash against groups such as immigrants, ethnic and cultural minorities, women, and the LGBT+ community.
“Core to populism is a backlash against groups such as immigrants, ethnic and cultural minorities, women, and the LGBT+ community (e.g., Inglehart & Norris, 2016).”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Inglehart & Norris, 2016
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 64 · Cited by 1,915
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- 76 Stein Rokkan and Martin Lipset. 1967. Party Systems and Voter Alignments . New York: Free Press; Seymour Martin Lipset. 1960. Political Man . NY: Doubleday; Stein Rokkan. 1970. Citizens, Elections, Parties: Approaches to the Comparative Study of the Processes of Development . Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. See also Geffrey Evans. Ed. The end of class politics? Class voting in comparative context. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- 77 Ole Borre. 1984. 'Critical electoral change in Scandinavia.' In Dalton, Russell J., Flanagan, Scott C., and Beck, P. A.(eds .), Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies . Princeton: Princeton University Press: 330-364.
- 78 Pippa Norris. 2005. Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- 80 Ronald Inglehart. 1984. 'The changing structure of political cleavages in Western society.' In R.J. Dalton, S. Flanagan and P.A. Beck. (eds.). Electoral change in advanced industrial democracies. Princeton: Princeton University Press ; Russell J. Dalton. 2013. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in advanced industrial Democracies. Washington DC: CQ Press.
- Authors
- Inglehart, R., & Norris, P.
- Affiliations
- National Research University Higher School of Economics (RU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Norris, Pippa
- Venue
- SSRN Electronic Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016
- ISSN
- 1556-5068 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2483961605
- Cited by
- 1,915
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 145 · 2024: 174 · 2023: 214 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 244 · 2020: 254 · 2019: 311 · 2018: 208 · 2017: 102 · 2016: 1
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Keywords
- populism, populist parties, economic insecurity, cultural backlash, Donald Trump, Brexit, party ideology, party competition, voting behavior, cultural values, post-industrial economy, European politics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
