CoChat
Sign Up
PreprintCited by 22Income, Poverty, and InequalityLabor market dynamics and wage inequalityFinancial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Transitioning Towards More Equality? Wealth Gender Differences and the Changing Role of Explanatory Factors Over Time.

Open access
Sierminska, Eva, Piazzalunga, Daniela, Grabka, Markus·2018·SSRN Electronic Journal
DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3289078
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We investigate the explanatory factors that have contributed to changing wealth levels and the gender wealth gap in Germany over the period 2002-2012. In particular, we analyze the role of changes in labor supply, permanent income, portfolio composition, and marital status on wealth accumulation. Using individual level micro data from the German Socio-Economic Panel results show that real mean wealth levels for the working age population have been decreasing for both women and men since 2002 and that the wealth gap has decreased by 13.5% to 30.700€. We show that the increased participation of women in the labor market and their occupational structure had an increasing positive role on women’s wealth accumulation. Making use of the panel dimension in the data and of Oaxaca-Blinder and Firpo, Fortin, Lemieux decompositions, in comparison to previous analyses, a diminishing role of permanent income is observed, due both to a reduction in the gender difference in permanent income and in gender differences in its returns. Overall, the evidence points to more equal wealth accumulation both in terms of characteristics and returns.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2139/ssrn.3289078

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

  • Planning and Financial Literacy: How Do Women Fare?

    Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2008) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.98.2.413 · Cited by 1,512 · cited 1×

    “Addionally, financial literacy influences investment decisions (e.g. Huston 2010; Lusardi and Mitchell, 2008), and it has been shown that women have lower financial knowledge than men, which leads them to have more conservative investments patterns (Almenberg and Dreber, 2015).”

Show all 1 references

Research works printed but not linked: 45

  1. F R Addo, 2013, Marriage, marital history, and black -white wealth differentials among older women, Journal of Marriage and Family, 75, 342, 10.1111/jomf.12007 · DOI · Paper page
  2. A F Alesina, 2013, Do women pay more for credit? Evidence from Italy, Journal of the European Economic Association, 11, 45, 10.1111/j.1542-4774.2012.01100.x · DOI
  3. J Almenberg, 2015, Gender, stock market participation and financial literacy, Economics Letters, 137, 140, 10.1016/j.econlet.2015.10.009 · DOI
  4. S Austen, 2014, The Gender Gap in Financial Security: What We Know and Don't Know about Australian Households, Feminist Economics, 20, 25, 10.1080/13545701.2014.911413 · DOI
  5. V Bajtelsmit, 1996, Why do women invest differently than men?, Financial Counselling and Planning, 7, 1, 10.2139/ssrn.2238 · DOI
  6. T K Bauer, 2011, A comparative analysis of the nativity wealth gap, Economic Inquiry, 49, 989, 10.1111/j.1465-7295.2009.00221.x · DOI
  7. A S Blinder, 1973, Wage discrimination reduced form and structural estimates, Journal of Human Resources, 8, 436, 10.2307/144855 · DOI · Paper page
  8. K Brenke, 2015, Wachsende Bedeutung der Frauen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, DIW Wochenbericht Nr, 75
  9. M C Burda, 2011, What Explains Germany's Labor Market Miracle in the Great Recession?, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 42, 273, 10.1353/eca.2011.0004 · DOI
  10. E Cartwright, 2011, Behavioral economics. Routledge
  11. M L Chang, 2010, Shortchanged: Why Women Have Less Wealth and What Can be Done About It, 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367690.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
  12. C D Deere, 2006, The gender asset gap: What do we know and why does it matter?, Feminist Economics, 12, 1, 10.1080/13545700500508056 · DOI · Paper page
  13. J Dinardo, 1996, Labor Market Institutions and the, 10.3386/w5093 · DOI · Paper page
  14. S Firpo, 2009, Unconditional Quantile Regressions, Econometrica, 77, 953, 10.3386/t0339 · DOI
  15. P J Fisher, 2010, Gender differences in personal saving behaviors, Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning Education, 21, 14
  16. N Fortin, 2011, Chapter 1 -Decomposition Methods in Economics, Handbook of Labor Economics, 4, 1, 10.1016/s0169-7218(11)00407-2 · DOI
  17. J R Frick, 2007, Representative wealth data for Germany from the German SOEP: The Impact of methodological decisions around imputation and the choice of the aggregation unit, 562, 10.2139/ssrn.1092784 · DOI
  18. M Grabka, 2015, Income and Wealth inequality after the financial crisis-the case of Germany, Empirica. Journal of European Economics, 42, 371, 10.1007/s10663-015-9280-8 · DOI
  19. M M Grabka, 2016, Editing and multiple imputation of item nonresponse in the wealth module of the German Socio-Economic Panel, SOEP Survey Papers
  20. M M Grabka, 2015, Wealth distribution within couples, Review of Economics of the Household, 13, 459, 10.1007/s11150-013-9229-2 · DOI
  21. S J Huston, 2010, Measuring Financial Literacy, The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 44, 296, 10.1111/j.1745-6606.2010.01170.x · DOI · Paper page
  22. S Jarvis, 1999, Marital splits and income changes: Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey, Population Studies, 3, 237, 10.1080/00324720308077 · DOI
  23. N A Jianakopolos, 1998, Are women more risk averse? Economic Inquiry, 36, 620
  24. P M Lersch, 2017, The Marriage Wealth Premium Revisited: Gender Disparities and Within-Individual Changes in Personal Wealth in Germany, Demography, 54, 961, 10.1007/s13524-017-0572-4 · DOI
  25. P M Lersch, 2017, Individual Wealth and Subjective Financial Well-being in Marriage: Resource Integration or Separation?, Journal of Marriage and Family, 79, 1211, 10.1111/jomf.12406 · DOI
  26. P M Lersch, 2017, Parenthood, Gender, and Personal Wealth, European Sociological Review, 33, 410, 10.1093/esr/jcx046 · DOI
  27. T Y Mathae, 2011, The immigrant/native wealth gap in Germany, ECB Working Paper
  28. C Ne�h�ver, 2017, Von Albrecht bis W�rth Wie die zehn reichsten Deutschen ihr Verm�gen mehren
  29. R L Oaxaca, 1973, Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets, International Economic Review, 14, 693, 10.2307/2525981 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Oecd, 2012, Closing the Gender Gap: Act Now, 10.1787/9789264179370-enElectroniccopy · DOI
  31. K M Pence, 2006, The Role of Wealth Transformations: An Application to Estimating the Effect of Tax Incentives on Saving, Contributions to Economic Analysis & Policy, 5, 10.2202/1538-0645.1430 · DOI
  32. M Rossi, 2018, Wealth and homeownership. Women, Men and Families, 10.1007/978-3-319-92558-5 · DOI
  33. E Ruel, 2013, Explaining the Gender Wealth Gap, Demography, 50, 1155, 10.1007/s13524-012-0182-0 · DOI · Paper page
  34. L Schmidt, 2006, Gender, marriage and asset accumulation in the United States, Feminist Economics, 12, 139, 10.1080/13545700500508445 · DOI
  35. E M Sierminska, 2010, Examining the gender wealth gap, Oxford Economic Papers, 62, 669, 10.1093/oep/gpq007 · DOI · Paper page
  36. A E Sund�n, 1998, Gender Differences in the Allocation of Assets in Retirement Savings Plans, The American Economic Review, 88, 207
  37. 2014, America's Families and Living Arrangements: 2014: Family groups, Statistical Database. Fertility, families and households
  38. J Vespa, 2011, Cohabitation history, marriage, and wealth accumulation, Demography, 48, 983, 10.1007/s13524-011-0043-2 · DOI
  39. G G Wagner, 2007, The German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) -Scope, Evolution and Enhancements, Schmollers Jahrbuch, 127, 139, 10.2139/ssrn.1028709 · DOI
  40. T Warren, 2006, Moving beyond the gender wealth gap: On gender, class, ethnicity, and wealth inequalities in the United Kingdom, Feminist Economics, 12, 195, 10.1080/13545700500508502 · DOI
  41. T Warren, 2001, Female finances: Gender Wage Gaps and Gender Assets Gaps, Work, Employment and Society, 15, 465, 10.1017/s0950017001000319 · DOI
  42. C Westermeier, 2015, Significant Statistical Uncertainty over Share of High Net Worth Households. Economic bulletin, 210
  43. A Yamokoski, 2006, The wealth of single women: Marital status and parenthood in the asset accumulation of young baby boomers in the United States, Feminist Economics, 12, 167, 10.1080/13545700500508478 · DOI · Paper page
  44. J J Xiao, 1995, Patterns of household financial asset ownership. Financial Counseling and Planning, 6, 99
  45. J L Zagorsky, 2005, Marriage and divorce impact on wealth, Journal of Sociology, 41, 406, 10.1177/1440783305058478 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Sierminska, E., Piazzalunga, D., & Grabka, M.
Affiliations
German Institute for Economic Research (DE)
Corresponding author
Sierminska, Eva
ORCID
Venue
SSRN Electronic Journal
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018
ISSN
1556-5068 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2139/ssrn.3289078
OpenAlex
W3125738830
Cited by
22
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research (submittedVersion)
  • Econstor (Econstor) (submittedVersion)
  • Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Trento) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Income, Poverty, and Inequality
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
Keywords
gender wealth gap, wealth accumulation, women's employment, occupational structure, permanent income, portfolio composition, marital status, wealth inequality, Germany, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review