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PreprintCited by 27SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchVaccine Coverage and HesitancyCOVID-19 epidemiological studies

Assessing the Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1nCoV-19 COVID-19 Vaccination in Prevention of Hospitalisations in Elderly and Frail Adults: A Single Centre Test Negative Case-Control Study

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Hyams, Catherine, Marlow, Robin, Maseko, Zandile, King, Jade, Ward, Lana, Fox, Kazminder, Heath, Robyn, Turner, Anabella +10 more·2021·SSRN Electronic Journal
DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3796835
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Abstract

Background: On 8th December 2020, deployment of the first vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 authorised for UK use, the mRNA-based vaccine BNT162b2, began, followed by the adenoviral vector vaccine ChAdOx1nCoV-19 on 4th January 2021. Initially care home-residents and staff, frontline healthcare workers and adults from age 80 were targeted. In phase 3 trials, BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1nCoV-19 demonstrated 95% and 70% efficacy, respectively, after two doses against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, few data exist regarding the effectiveness of these vaccines in elderly frail people. Evaluation following implementation to determine the effectiveness of one dose in reducing hospitalisations due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly adults is urgent. Methods: A prospective single-centre test-negative design case-control study of adults aged ≥80 years hospitalised with COVID-19 disease or other acute respiratory disease. We conducted logistic regression controlling for time (week), gender, index of multiple deprivations (IMD), and care residency status (CRS), and sensitivity analyses matched for time and gender using a conditional logistic model adjusting for IMD and CRS. Findings: First dose vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 was 71.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.5-90.6). ChAdOx1nCoV-19 first dose vaccine effectiveness was 80.4% (95% CI 36.4-94.5). When effectiveness analysis for BNT162b2 was restricted to the period covered by ChAdOx1nCoV-19, the estimate was 79.3% (95% CI 47.0-92.5)…

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  • High effectiveness (>80%) against severe disease and hospitalization has been reported for BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.

    “It should be noted that high effectiveness (>80%) against severe disease and hospitalization has been reported for both BNT162b2 (refs93,94) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (ref.95).”

    From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [95]

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Authors
Hyams, C., Marlow, R., Maseko, Z., King, J., Ward, L., Fox, K., Heath, R., Turner, A., Friedrich, Z., Morrison, L., Ruffino, G., Antico, R., Adegbite, D., Szasz-Benczur, Z., Garcia Gonzalez, M., Oliver, J., Danon, L., & Finn, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Bristol (GB)
  • Southmead Hospital (GB)
  • University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
  • North Bristol NHS Trust (GB)
Corresponding author
Finn, Adam
ORCID
Venue
SSRN Electronic Journal
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021
ISSN
1556-5068 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2139/ssrn.3796835
OpenAlex
W3135641488
Cited by
27
References
0
Citations by year
2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 23
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
  • Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
  • Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
Keywords
COVID-19 vaccination, BNT162b2, vaccine effectiveness, hospitalization prevention, older adults, SARS-CoV-2, test-negative design, nursing home residents, comorbidities, real-world effectiveness, Index of Multiple Deprivation

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