Large Language Models, Small Labor Market Effects
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Our findings align with Humlum, Vestergaard (2025), who report modest productivity gains from GenAI tools in a large-scale study of workers in Denmark.
“Our findings align with those of Humlum, Vestergaard (2025), who report modest productivity gains from GenAI tools in a large-scale study of workers in Denmark.”
From Developer Productivity With and Without GitHub Copilot: A Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as Humlum, Vestergaard (2025)
Humlum, Vestergaard (2025) found that users saved only 3% of their time on average.
“On average, users in the latter study saved only 3% of their time.”
From Developer Productivity With and Without GitHub Copilot: A Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as Humlum, Vestergaard (2025)
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Cites
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Cited by
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Hosseini Maasoum, S. M., & Lichtinger, G. (2025) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5425555 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lovett, N. (2026) · Human Resource Development Review · doi:10.1177/15344843261470602 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Developer Productivity With and Without GitHub Copilot: A Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Case Study
Stray, V., Brandtzæg, E. G., Wivestad, V., Barbala, A., & Moe, N. B. (2026) · Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.24251/hicss.2026.880 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Humlum, A., & Vestergaard, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Humlum, Anders
- ORCID
- Vestergaard, Emilie
- Venue
- SSRN Electronic Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025
- ISSN
- 1556-5068 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4409523018
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 8
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Economy and Work Transformation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society
- Keywords
- large language models, AI chatbots, labor market outcomes, artificial intelligence adoption, occupational exposure, employer-employee data, employee training
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