The DOI matches its Crossref record; 102 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Memantine: a review of studies into its safety and efficacy in treating Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
Open accessAbstract
Memantine: a review of studies into its safety and efficacy in treating Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias Stuart J Thomas, George T GrossbergDepartment of Neurology and Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USAAbstract: Memantine is an uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist with moderate affinity. Its mechanism of action is neuroprotective and potentially therapeutic in several neuropsychiatric diseases. It has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD) either as a monotherapy or in combination with cholinesterase inhibitors. This review covers key studies of memantine’s safety and efficacy in treating moderate to severe AD. It also covers current research into other dementias including but not exclusively mild AD and vascular dementia. Other studies on the efficacy of memantine for other neuropsychiatric diseases are discussed. Memantine is a safe and effective drug that merits further research on several topics. Clinicians should be aware of new studies and potential uses of memantine because of its safety and efficacy.Keywords: memantine, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Patients taking memantine experience adverse effects like fatigue, pain, confusion, urinary incontinence, urinary tract infection, peripheral edema, etc. [35].”
From Indian Medicinal Herbs and Formulations for Alzheimer’s Disease, from Traditional Knowledge to Scientific Assessment (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Memantine in Moderate-to-Severe Alzheimer's Disease
Reisberg, B., Doody, R., Stöffler, A., Schmitt, F., Ferris, S., & Möbius, H. J. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa013128 · Cited by 2,043
Bonfoco, E., Krainc, D., Ankarcrona, M., Nicotera, P., & Lipton, S. A. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.16.7162 · Cited by 1,958
Tariot, P. N., Farlow, M. R., Grossberg, G. T., Graham, S. M., McDonald, S., Gergel, I., & for the Memantine Study Group (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.3.317 · Cited by 1,403
Paradigm shift in neuroprotection by NMDA receptor blockade: memantine and beyond
Lipton, S. A. (2006) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1958 · Cited by 909
Chen, H., Pellegrini, J. W., Aggarwal, S., Lei, S., Warach, S. J., Jensen, F., & Lipton, S. A. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-11-04427.1992 · Cited by 628
β-Amyloid protein increases the vulnerability of cultured cortical neurons to excitotoxic damage
Koh, J., Yang, L. L., & Cotman, C. W. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91355-k · Cited by 617
Orgogozo, J.-M., Rigaud, A.-S., Stöffler, A., Möbius, H.-J., & Forette, F. (2002) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000020094.08790.49 · Cited by 539
Kavirajan, H., & Schneider, L. S. (2007) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70195-3 · Cited by 497
Post Stroke Pain: Identification, Assessment, and Therapy
Harrison, R. A., & Field, T. S. (2015) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000375397 · Cited by 434
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Memantine in the Treatment of Major Depression
Zarate, C. A., Singh, J. B., Quiroz, J. A., De Jesus, G., Denicoff, K. K., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Manji, H. K., & Charney, D. S. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.1.153 · Cited by 387
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 104 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [97]Grossberg GT Manes F Allegri R A multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial of memantine extended-release capsule (28 mg, once daily) in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. [poster] 133rd Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association September 21–24, 2008 Salt Lake City, UT, USA Clinical Interventions in Aging is an international, peer-reviewed journal focusing on evidence-based reports on the value or lack thereof of treatments intended to prevent or delay the onset of maladaptive correlates of aging in human beings This journal is indexed on PubMed Central, MedLine, the American Chemical Society’s ‘Chemical Abstracts Service’ (CAS), Scopus and the Elsevier Bibliographic databases. The manuscript management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system, which is all easy to use. Visit http://www.dovepress.com/testimonials.php to read real quotes from published authors.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–150 of 150
Tocci, D. R., Fogel, M., Gupta, V., Kim, P. S.-H., Latimer, J. J., Adlimoghaddam, A., Robison, L. S., & Albensi, B. C. (2025) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-025-01706-w · Cited by 13
Cognitive Enhancers in Moderate to Severe Alzheimer's Disease
Hardeland, R. (2011) · Clinical Medicine Insights Therapeutics · doi:10.4137/cmt.s6344 · Cited by 9
Repas, S. J., Saad, N. S., Janssen, P. M. L., & Elnakish, M. T. (2017) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0000000000000521 · Cited by 10
Cognitive and motor training for patients with moderate cognitive impairment and mild dementia
Naumenko, A. A., & Preobrazhenskaya, I. S. (2018) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2018-4-81-87 · Cited by 9
Neuroprotective strategies for NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity in Huntington’s Disease
Girling, K., & Wang, Y. T. (2016) · Frontiers in Biology · doi:10.1007/s11515-016-1425-z · Cited by 9
Wroolie, T., Chen, K., Watson, K. T., Iagaru, A. H., Sonni, I., Snyder, N. L., Lee, W., Reiman, E. M., & Rasgon, N. (2017) · Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pmip.2017.07.001 · Cited by 8
Promises and Pitfalls of NMDA Receptor Antagonists in Treating Violent Aggression
Bartsch, C. J., & Nordman, J. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.938044 · Cited by 7
Park, S., Kim, Y. H., & Yang, S. Y. (2023) · Natural Product Sciences · doi:10.20307/nps.2023.29.3.182 · Cited by 7
Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline in Transient Ischemic Attack Patients
Sivakumar, L., Camicioli, R. M., & Butcher, K. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100017248 · Cited by 8
Non-drug therapies for cognitive impairment
Preobrazhenskaya, I. S., Fantalis, D., Abdyshova, S. A., & Kindarova, A. A. (2019) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2019-3s-68-77 · Cited by 9
Sharma, R., Tiwari, A., Rahi, S., & Mehan, S. (2020) · Current Psychopharmacologye · doi:10.2174/1389203721999200820165117 · Cited by 6
Small molecule inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia
Flores, J. J., Zhang, Y., Klebe, D. W., Lekic, T., Fu, W., & Zhang, J. H. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.884560 · Cited by 7
Prevention of Cognitive Decline
Gutierrez, J., & Isaacson, R. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3106-0_12 · Cited by 5
Neuroprotectants Targeting NMDA Receptor Signaling
Vetiska, S., & Tymianski, M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5836-4_168 · Cited by 5
Closed Gateways — Can Neuroprotectants Shield the Retina in Glaucoma?
Velpandian, T. (2010) · Drugs in R&D · doi:10.1007/bf03259780 · Cited by 5
Jafari, A., Siavashpour, Z., & Houshyari, M. (2021) · International Journal of Cancer Management · doi:10.5812/ijcm.111966 · Cited by 4
Mohamed, N., Lee, J. H., Francis, P. T., Esiri, M. M., Chen, C., & Lai, M. K. P. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-141764 · Cited by 4
Byrro, R. M. D., & Cardoso, F. F. D. S. E. S. (2012) · Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability · doi:10.4172/jbb.1000104 · Cited by 3
Challenging behaviour and treatment for dementia
Nazarko, L. (2011) · British Journal of Healthcare Assistants · doi:10.12968/bjha.2011.5.6.268 · Cited by 3
Memantine and Alzheimer's disease
del Río‐Sancho, S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815854-8.00032-x · Cited by 3
Combination Of Riluzole And Rivastigmine- A Potential Treatment Strategy For Alzheimer’s Disease
(2023) · Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.04.031 · Cited by 2
Kajian Efektivitas, Toksisitas, dan Cost-Effectiveness Obat-Obatan Penyakit Alzheimer
Putri, S. A., & Anggadiredja, K. (2023) · Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia · doi:10.5614/api.v48i1.22224 · Cited by 2
ALZHEIMER HASTALIĞI, RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ VE TEDAVİ
Yıldırım, N., & Eke, B. C. (2024) · Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi · doi:10.33483/jfpau.1441827 · Cited by 4
Weng, Y., & Xie, G. (2024) · Biochemical Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10528-024-11004-z · Cited by 2
Impact of drug therapy on patients receiving neurological rehabilitation
Burke‐Doe, A., & Smith, T. J. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-07586-2.00045-5 · Cited by 2
Diagnosis and therapy of cognitive impairment in chronic cerebral ischemia
Хабиров, Ф. А., Фагимовна, Р. Э., Сергеевна, К. О., & Хайбуллина, Д. Х. (2025) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/ms2025-102 · Cited by 2
Critical appraisal and role of memantine extended-release in the management of Alzheimer’s disease
Singh, I., & Grossberg, G. T. (2011) · Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease · doi:10.2147/dnnd.s14410 · Cited by 1
EFFICACY OF MEMANTINE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS OF PATIENTS WITH MODERATE VASCULAR DEMENTIA
Nazish, S., Soomro, B. A., & Alvi, S. (2015) · eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University) · Cited by 1
Chon, Y., Jeong, H. S., Im, J. J., Oh, J. K., Kim, Y., Chung, Y., & Kim, D. (2017) · International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology · doi:10.1002/ima.22241 · Cited by 2
Neuropsychiatric disorders correction in Alzheimer's disease
Koberskaya, N. N. (2022) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2022-3-54-61 · Cited by 1
Mechanism and efficacy of drugs for Alzheimer's disease
Ye, C. (2023) · Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology · doi:10.54097/hset.v36i.5797 · Cited by 1
Adverse reactions to drugs used in the treatment of Alzheimerʼs disease
McDowell, S. E. (2011) · Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin · doi:10.1097/fad.0b013e328348c804 · Cited by 1
Memantine for autism spectrum disorder
Brignell, A., Prakash, C., Marraffa, C., Williams, K. J., & May, T. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013845 · Cited by 2
Zhou, F., Liu, B., Wang, C., Zhang, J., Dong, G., Jin, H.-T., Ma, B., & Zhong, X. (2021) · Journal of Asian Natural Products Research · doi:10.1080/10286020.2021.1993834 · Cited by 1
Markers of Prognosis in Neurodegenerative Dementia
Stubendorff, K. (2014) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)
Dementia Therapeutics: Current Strategies and Potential Approaches for Its Treatment and Management
Pandey, S., Gupta, A., Rajput, S. K., & Agrawal, S. S. (2014)
Small Molecule AngIV-based Analogs to Treat Alzheimers Disease
Wright, J. W., & Harding, J. W. (2016) · International Journal of Drug Development and Research
Memantine for the Treatment of Behavioral Disturbance in Unspecified Major Neurocognitive Disorder
Terry, P. H., Seoudy, K., Lee, M. S., & Stevenson, K. A. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.17685
Anti-Dementia Medications: Course and Duration of Therapy and Withdrawal Syndromes
Yaman, A., & Yaman, H. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_194-1
Guekht, A. B. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric symptoms of neurological disease · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22159-5_14
Anti-dementia Medications: Course and Duration of Therapy and Withdrawal Syndromes
Yaman, A., & Yaman, H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_194
Gul, S., Badar, R., Leghari, Q. A., Akhtar, F., Iqbal, U., Zamir, T., & Batool, B. (2023) · Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science · doi:10.3329/bjms.v22i4.67123
Glaukom: Neue Therapien (Neuroprotektion, Stammzelltherapie, Gentherapie)
Prokosch, V. (2025) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65929-8_26-1
Glaukom: Neue Therapien (Neuroprotektion, Stammzelltherapie, Gentherapie)
Prokosch, V. (2025) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65823-9_26
Martin, E. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3f77e643zf119z465fzbc28z20877ecebf8e
Rôle central des glucocorticoïdes et de leurs récepteurs dans l’étiologie de la Maladie d’Alzheimer
Canet, G. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/c46cedbczd8bbz4a8eza301z82de5785048c
Adhikary, S., Rajak, P., Bhattacharya, S., & Ganguly, A. (2026) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9798898813062126060011
Salabati, M., Mallepally, A., Farhani, K., Mahmoudzadeh, R., Brar, V. S., & Randolph, J. (2026) · Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases · doi:10.1177/24741264261450196
Khamis, W. M., Hussein, H. H., & Al‐Hilaly, Y. K. (2026) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/tswj/7213377
Metadata
- Authors
- Grossberg, G., & Thomas, S.
- Affiliations
- Saint Louis University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grossberg, George
- ORCID
- Grossberg, George
- Venue
- Clinical Interventions in Aging
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 4
- Pages
- 367
- ISSN
- 1176-9092 (ISSN-L)
- 1178-1998
- PMC
- PMC2762361
- OpenAlex
- W2008348302
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Interventions in Aging (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- memantine, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, NMDA receptor antagonists, drug safety, drug efficacy, cholinesterase inhibitors, vascular dementia, mild Alzheimer's disease, neuroprotection, neuropsychiatric disorders
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Humans, Memantine, Severity of Illness Index, Dopamine Agents, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review