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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: hospital and intensive care unit outcomes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: There is little data surrounding the survival of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who are admitted to the critical care unit with exacerbation of symptoms. We conducted a study to measure the in-hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) outcomes of patients admitted with COPD exacerbation, and identified the related prognostic factors. METHOD: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who were admitted to the adult ICU between January 2006 and July 2011 for COPD exacerbation in King Abdulaziz National Guard Hospital, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 119 patients were admitted to the ICU with acute respiratory failure attributed to COPD exacerbation. The mean age was 72 ± 13 years, and 44 (37%) were females. The main cause of respiratory failure was infection, which occurred in 102 (86%) patients. Thirty-nine (33%) of the admitted patients were mechanically ventilated, and the median duration was 2.6 (1-42) days. The median lengths of the ICU and hospital stays were 3 (1-40) and 9 (2-43) days, respectively. The ICU mortality was 6%, and hospital mortality was 11%. Low Glasgow Coma Scale on admission, intubation, duration of mechanical ventilation, current smoking, tracheostomy, cardiopulmonary arrest, and the development of acute renal failure were associated with higher hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: Early ICU and hospital mortality is low for COPD patients who have been admitted to the ICU with exacerbation. Low Glasgow Coma Scale scores on admission, intubation, prolonged use of mechanical ventilation, and the development of acute renal failure were identified as risk factors associated with increased hospital mortality.
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“Alaithan et al. [4] reported a median ICU LOS of nine days among critically ill COPD patients admitted to ICU settings in Saudi Arabia.”
From Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Acute-Care Utilization and Medication Adherence: A PRISMA-ScR Scoping Review (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
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“Most published studies originate from Saudi Arabia and the UAE, whereas evidence from Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and Kuwait remains comparatively limited [4,7,8].”
From Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Acute-Care Utilization and Medication Adherence: A PRISMA-ScR Scoping Review (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
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“Severe exacerbations often require hospitalization and are associated with accelerated lung-function decline, poorer health-related quality of life, and increased mortality risk, particularly among patients with multimorbidity, obesity, respiratory infections, and delayed outpatient management [4,5].”
From Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Acute-Care Utilization and Medication Adherence: A PRISMA-ScR Scoping Review (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
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“which demonstrated that COPD is associated with a substantial burden on healthcare systems across the region through frequent hospitalizations, prolonged LOS, ICU admissions, recurrent ED utilization, and elevated healthcare resource consumption [4,5,7].”
From Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Acute-Care Utilization and Medication Adherence: A PRISMA-ScR Scoping Review (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
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“reporting an ICU mortality rate of 6% and a hospital mortality rate of 11% among ICU-managed exacerbation patients in Saudi Arabia.”
From Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Acute-Care Utilization and Medication Adherence: A PRISMA-ScR Scoping Review (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
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“reporting an ICU mortality rate of 6% and a hospital mortality rate of 11% among ICU-managed exacerbation patients in Saudi Arabia.”
From Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Acute-Care Utilization and Medication Adherence: A PRISMA-ScR Scoping Review (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
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Mortality and Mortality-Related Factors After Hospitalization for Acute Exacerbation of COPD
Groenewegen, K. H., Schols, A. M. W. J., & Wouters, E. F. �. (2003) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.124.2.459 · Cited by 720
Chandra, D., Stamm, J. A., Taylor, B., Ramos, R. M., Satterwhite, L. G., Krishnan, J. A., Mannino, D. M., Sciurba, F. C., & Holguín, F. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201106-1094oc · Cited by 413
The Impact of COPD on Lung Health Worldwide
Hurd, S. S. (2000) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.117.2_suppl.1s · Cited by 338
The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Mannino, D. M., Watt, G. C. M., Hole, D. J., Gillis, C. R., Hart, C., McConnachie, A., Smith, G. D., Upton, M. N., Hawthorne, V. M., Sin, D. D., et al. (2006) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.06.00024605 · Cited by 294
Predictors of Outcome for Patients With COPD Requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
Nevins, M. L., & Epstein, S. K. (2001) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.119.6.1840 · Cited by 229
In-Hospital and 5-Year Mortality of Patients Treated in the ICU for Acute Exacerbation of COPD
Ai-Ping, C., Lee, K.-H., & Lim, T.-K. (2005) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.128.2.518 · Cited by 221
The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Mannino, D. M., & Hudson, N. L. (2009) · Explore Bristol Research · doi:10.1183/09031936.06.00024605 · Cited by 176
Afessa, B., Morales, I. J., Scanlon, P. D., & Peters, S. G. (2002) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200207000-00035 · Cited by 141
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Gadre, S. K., Duggal, A., Mireles‐Cabodevila, E., Krishnan, S., Wang, X., Zell, K., & Guzmán, J. A. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000010487 · Cited by 124
Saltürk, C., Karakurt, Z., Takır, H. B., Güngör, G., Kargın, F., Moçin, Ö. Y., Adıgüzel, N., Sari, R., Çelik, E., Tunçay, E., et al. (2015) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s88058 · Cited by 80
Singh, J. A., & Yu, S. (2016) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0319-y · Cited by 62
How do COPD comorbidities affect ICU outcomes?
Akkütük, E., Karakurt, Z., Saltürk, C., Burunsuzoğlu, B., Kargın, F., Horzum, G., Moçin, Ö. Y., Güngör, G., Adıgüzel, N., Yılmaz, A., et al. (2014) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s70257 · Cited by 58
Fabbian, F., Giorgi, A. D., Manfredini, F., Lamberti, N., Forcellini, S., Storari, A., Gallerani, M., Caramori, G., & Manfredini, R. (2016) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-016-1272-5 · Cited by 47
Metadata
- Authors
- Alaithan, A., Memon, Rehmani, Qurashi, & Salam
- Affiliations
- King Abdulaziz Hospital (SA)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (SA)
- Venue
- International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 819
- ISSN
- 1176-9106 (ISSN-L)
- 1178-2005
- PMC
- PMC3529632
- OpenAlex
- W2103737344
- Semantic Scholar
- d40592b0dcab77f30098c5c6e1b3189619160825
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of COPD (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD exacerbations, acute respiratory failure, ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality, prognostic factors, mechanical ventilation, Glasgow Coma Scale, acute kidney injury, intubation, cardiac arrest, tracheostomy, smoking, Saudi Arabia
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Critical Care, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Intubation, Intratracheal, Length of Stay, Lung, Male, Middle Aged, Respiration, Artificial, Respiratory Insufficiency, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Saudi Arabia, Smoking, Time Factors, Glasgow Coma Scale, Multivariate Analysis, Chi-Square Distribution, Logistic Models, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Hospital Mortality, Disease Progression, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Acute Kidney Injury
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