Cited by 72Gastrointestinal motility and disordersPain Management and Opioid UseOpioid Use Disorder Treatment

Emerging therapies for patients with symptoms of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction

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Leppert, Wojciech·2015·Drug Design Development and Therapy

Abstract

Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) comprises gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, gastric stasis, bloating, abdominal pain, and opioid-induced constipation, which significantly impair patients' quality of life and may lead to undertreatment of pain. Traditional laxatives are often prescribed for OIBD symptoms, although they display limited efficacy and exert adverse effects. Other strategies include prokinetics and change of opioids or their administration route. However, these approaches do not address underlying causes of OIBD associated with opioid effects on mostly peripheral opioid receptors located in the GI tract. Targeted management of OIBD comprises purely peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonists and a combination of opioid receptor agonist and antagonist. Methylnaltrexone induces laxation in 50%-60% of patients with advanced diseases and OIBD who do not respond to traditional oral laxatives without inducing opioid withdrawal symptoms with similar response (45%-50%) after an oral administration of naloxegol. A combination of prolonged-release oxycodone with prolonged-release naloxone (OXN) in one tablet (a ratio of 2:1) provides analgesia with limited negative effect on the bowel function, as oxycodone displays high oral bioavailability and naloxone demonstrates local antagonist effect on opioid receptors in the GI tract and is totally inactivated in the liver. OXN in daily doses of up to 80 mg/40 mg provides equally effective analgesia with improved bowel function compared to oxycodone administered alone in patients with chronic non-malignant and cancer-related pain. OIBD is a common complication of long-term opioid therapy and may lead to quality of life deterioration and undertreatment of pain. Thus, a complex assessment and management that addresses underlying causes and patomechanisms of OIBD is recommended. Newer strategies comprise methylnaltrexone or OXN administration in the management of OIBD, and OXN may be also considered as a preventive measure of OIBD development in patients who require opioid administration.

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  1. [72]Targin® (oxycodone hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride dihydrate) [package insert] Cambridge, UK Mundipharma International 2011 Polish
  2. [75]Reimer K Hopp M Zenz M Meeting the challenges of opioid-induced constipation in chronic pain management – a novel approach Pharmacology 2009 83 1 10 17 18957874

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Authors
Leppert, W.
Affiliations
Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PL)
Corresponding author
Leppert, Wojciech
Venue
Drug Design Development and Therapy
Published
2015-04
Volume
9
Pages
2215
ISSN
1177-8881 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2021478061
Cited by
72
References
139
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 2
FWCI
2.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Drug Design Development and Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (acceptedVersion)
  • Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Keywords
opioid-induced bowel dysfunction, opioid-induced constipation, methylnaltrexone, naloxegol, opioid antagonists, opioid agonists, laxatives, prokinetic agents, cancer pain, chronic non-cancer pain, opioid withdrawal
MeSH terms
Analgesics, Opioid, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Gastrointestinal Motility, Humans, Narcotic Antagonists

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