Isolation and quantification of palmatine from Fibraurea tinctoria Lour: In vitro antioxidant activity and in silico antidiabetic activity evaluation
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: This study aimed to isolate and characterize palmatine from Fibraurea tinctoria Lour stems, quantify its content, and determine its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Patients and Methods: Palmatine was isolated from the methanol extract of Fibraurea tinctoria Lour stems by silica gel column chromatography. Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was performed using spectral data analysis and comparison with the literature. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantitatively determine palmatine in the crude methanol extract and fractions. The DPPH and non-enzymatic SOD mimic methods were used to assess the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract, fractions, and isolated compounds. The antidiabetic activity was evaluated in silico by the molecular docking method of alpha-glucosidase and DPP-IV enzymes. Palmatine was used as a test ligand and was compared with berberine and its native ligand or standard compounds. Results: The isolated compound was identified as palmatine. Quantification of palmatine compound by HPLC showed that palmatine was found in the extract and all fractions. In the in vitro antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method, fraction 4 showed the highest activity, with an IC 50 value of 91 ppm. In contrast, using the non-enzymatic SOD mimic method, the methanol extract, fraction 5, and isolated compound (palmatine) exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, with IC 50 values of 18, 20, and 28 ppm, respectively. The in silico antidiabetic activity of palmatine is thought to have the potential to inhibit these two enzymes. Conclusion: These results showed that Fibraurea tinctoria Lour stems have potential as an antioxidant and antidiabetic agent. Further research on phytochemical and pharmacological is required to validate the use of this plant species for the treatment of various diseases, especially diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Fibraurea tinctoria Lour, berberine, palmatine, antioxidant, antidiabetic
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Adopting multiple Industry 4.0 technologies raises export intensity by 6-10 percent in manufacturing SMEs.
“research by Purwaningsih et al. (2024) on manufacturing SMEs reveals that adopting multiple Industry 4.0 technologies raises export intensity by 6-10 percent”
From Digital Transformation in International Trade: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Implications (2025) · cites this paper as Purwaningsih et al. (2024)
The Materials and Methods and Discussion passages concern palmatine, antioxidant testing, and molecular docking for antidiabetic activity; they do not address manufacturing SMEs. Searches for Industry 4.0 adoption and export intensity found no passage supporting the claimed 6–10 percent increase. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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- Authors
- Purwaningsih, I., Maksum, I., Sumiarsa, D., & Sriwidodo, S.
- Affiliations
- Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak (ID)
- Padjadjaran University (ID)
- Corresponding author
- Purwaningsih, Indah
- Venue
- Drug Design, Development and Therapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2024-08
- Volume
- Volume 18
- Pages
- 3443-3459
- ISSN
- 1177-8881 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11302523
- OpenAlex
- W4401276593
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 2.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
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- Locations
- Drug Design Development and Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan
- Universitas Padjadjaran (3018/UN6.3.1/PT.00/2023, /UN6.3.1/PT.00/)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Berberine and alkaloids research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- palmatine, berberine, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity, α-glucosidase inhibition, DPP-4 inhibition, diabetes mellitus, plant stem extract, alkaloid isolation
- MeSH terms
- alpha-Glucosidases, Antioxidants, Berberine Alkaloids, Biphenyl Compounds, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Computer Simulation, Hypoglycemic Agents, Picrates, Plant Extracts, Structure-Activity Relationship, Molecular Docking Simulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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