Insulin autoimmune syndrome as part of pre-clinical LADA
Open accessAbstract
Hypoglycemia presents relatively typical symptoms. However, when it occurs spontaneously - like in insulin autoimmune syndrome - it is difficult to perform scheduled biochemical tests at the laboratory. The study presents the case of a 31-year-old Caucasian female whose recurrent hypoglycemia symptoms were the reason for further diagnostics. The final results revealed a positive test for insulin autoantibody and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody. Therefore, not only the potential causes of hypoglycemia but also an active autoimmune process typical for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults were confirmed. It was concluded that autoimmune hypoglycemia can be a part of the autoimmune process associated with diabetes and pre-diabetes in adults.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Sutkowska et al. described a 31-year-old woman with recurrent postprandial or exertional reactive hypoglycemia and exaggerated insulin secretion during oral glucose tolerance test, initially considered to have hyperinsulinemic reactive hypoglycemia before positive anti-GAD and anti-insulin antibodies led to a diagnosis of pre-stage 3 autoimmune T1D during follow-up.
“Sutkowska et al. (2) described a 31-year-old woman with recurrent postprandial or exertional reactive hypoglycemia and exaggerated insulin secretion during oral glucose tolerance test.”
From Reactive Hypoglycemia as a Transient Metabolic Phenotype of Stage 1 and 2 Type 1 Diabetes (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOnly one similar adult case has been reported.
“To our knowledge, only one similar adult case has been reported.”
From Reactive Hypoglycemia as a Transient Metabolic Phenotype of Stage 1 and 2 Type 1 Diabetes (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Cappellani, D., Macchia, E., Falorni, A., & Marchetti, P. (2020) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dmso.s219438 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Recurrent Hypoglycemia from Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
Wong, S. L., Priestman, A., & Holmes, D. T. (2014) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2588-9 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Deguchi, A., Okauchi, Y., Suehara, S., & Mineo, I. (2013) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.52.7844 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- [1]Zatonska K, Bolanowski M. Hypoglycemia as a diagnostic problem. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2003; 12(3): 369– 373.
- [2]Scheen AJ, Lefèbvre PJ. Reactive hypoglycaemia, a mysterious, insidious but non dangerous critical phenomenon. Rev Med Liege. 2004; 59(4): 237– 242. 15182036
- [3]Brun JF, Fedou C, Mercier J. Postprandial reactive hypoglycemia. Diabetes Metab. 2000; 26(5): 337– 351. 11119013
- [4]Censi S, Mian C, Betterle C. Insulin autoimmune syndrome: from diagnosis to clinical management. Ann Transl Med. 2018; 6(17): 335. doi: 10.21037/atm.2018.07.32 30306074 PMC6174196 · DOI · Paper page
- [7]Ilonen J, Hammais A, Laine AP, et al. Patterns of β-cell autoantibody appearance and genetic associations during the first years of life. Diabetes. 2013; 62(10): 3636– 3640. doi: 10.2337/db13-0300 23835325 PMC3781470 · DOI
- [8]Orban T, Sosenko JM, Cuthbertson D, et al. Pancreatic islet autoantibodies as predictors of type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32: 2269– 2274. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0934 19741189 PMC2782989 · DOI · Paper page
- [9]Sosenko JM. Staging the progression to type 1 diabetes with prediagnostic markers. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2016; 23(4): 297– 305. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000267 27362539 PMC4936493 · DOI
- [10]Insel RA, Dunne JL, Atkinson MA, et al. Staging presymptomatic type 1 diabetes: a scientific statement of JDRF, the Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2015; 38: 1964– 1974. doi: 10.2337/dc15-1419 26404926 PMC5321245 · DOI · Paper page
- [11]Sørgjerd EP, Thorsby PM, Torjesen PA, Skorpen F, Kvaløy K, Grill V. Presence of anti-GAD in a non-diabetic population of adults; time dynamics and clinical influence: results from the HUNT study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2015; 3: e000076. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2014-000076 PMC4486684 26157582 · DOI · Paper page
- [12]Buzzetti R, Tuomi T, Mauricio D, et al. Management of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a consensus statement from an international expert panel. Diabetes. 2020; 69(10): 2037– 2047. doi: 10.2337/dbi20-0017 32847960 PMC7809717 · DOI · Paper page
- [13]Zhang Z, Li J, Yang L, et al. The cytotoxic role of intermittent high glucose on apoptosis and cell viability in pancreatic beta cells. J Diabetes Res. 2014; 2014: 712781. doi: 10.1155/2014/712781 24772447 PMC3977095 · DOI
- [14]Löfvenborg JE, Ahlqvist E, Alfredsson L, et al. Genotypes of HLA, TCF7L2, and FTO as potential modifiers of the association between sweetened beverage consumption and risk of LADA and type 2 diabetes. European J Nutr. 2020; 59(1): 127– 135. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01893-x 30656477 PMC7000500 · DOI
- [16]Lechner K, Auliner B, Brand S, et al. Hydrothermally modified slow release corn starch: a potential new therapeutic option for treating hypoglycemia in autoimmune hypoglycemia (Hirata’s disease). Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015; 69: 1369– 1370. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.151 26373963 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Reactive Hypoglycemia as a Transient Metabolic Phenotype of Stage 1 and 2 Type 1 Diabetes
Dreves, B., & Joubert, M. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-0921
- Authors
- Sutkowska, E., Ostrowska, M., & Sutkowska, M.
- Affiliations
- Wroclaw Medical University (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Sutkowska, Edyta
- ORCID
- Sutkowska, Edyta
- Venue
- Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-04
- Volume
- Volume 14
- Pages
- 1557-1561
- ISSN
- 1178-7007 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8043793
- OpenAlex
- W3141619137
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Slaskich we Wroclawiu
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- insulin autoimmune syndrome, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, autoimmune hypoglycemia, insulin autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, recurrent hypoglycemia, prediabetes, autoimmune diabetes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
