Evaluation of a simple off-the-shelf bi-layered vascular scaffold based on poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)/silk fibroin in vitro and in vivo
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Purpose: In the field of small-caliber vascular scaffold research, excellent vascular remodeling is the key to ensuring anticoagulant function. We prepared an off-the-shelf bi-layered vascular scaffold with a dense inner layer and a loose outer layer and evaluated its remodeling capabilities by in vivo transplantation. Materials and Methods: Based on poly(L-lactide-co-ϵ-caprolactone) (PLCL), silk fibroin(SF), and heparin (Hep), PLCL/SF/Hep bi-layered scaffolds and PLCL/Hep bi-layered scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning. The inner layer was a PLCL/SF/Hep or PLCL/Hep nanofiber membrane, and the outer layer was PLCL/SF nano yarn. The in vitro tests included a hydrophilicity test, mechanical properties test, and blood and cell compatibility evaluation. The in vivo evaluation was conducted via single rabbit carotid artery replacement and subsequent examinations, including ultrasound imaging, immunoglobulin assays, and tissue section staining. Results: Compared to the PLCL/Hep nanofiber membrane, the hydrophilicity of the PLCL/SF/Hep nanofiber membrane was significantly improved. The mechanical strength met application requirements. Both the blood and cell compatibility were optimal. Most importantly, the PLCL/SF/Hep scaffolds maintained lumen patency for 3 months after carotid artery transplantation in live rabbits. At the same time, CD31 and α-SMA immunofluorescence staining confirmed bionic endothelial and smooth muscle layers remodeling. Conclusion: Using this hybrid strategy, PLCL and SF were combined to manufacture bi-layered small-caliber vascular scaffolds; these PLCL/SF/Hep scaffolds showed satisfactory vascular remodeling Keywords: silk fibroin, small-caliber, vascular remodeling, hybrid strategy
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Adding heparin to PLCL vascular stents enhances anticoagulant performance.
“most studies choose to add heparin to PLCL vascular stents to enhance the anticoagulant performance of the stents [156–158].”
From Application of PLCL as a biodegradable polymer in biomedical engineering (2026) · cites this paper as [156]
The Methods describe heparin-loaded PLCL vascular scaffolds, so the paper supports their use as an example. But the Results attribute improved blood compatibility and antithrombotic capacity to adding silk fibroin to PLCL/Hep, not to adding heparin to PLCL; the paper also does not establish that most studies use heparin for this purpose. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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References 39 · Cited by 50
- Authors
- Jin, D., Hu, J., Xia, D., Liu, A., Kuang, H., Du, J., Mo, X., & Yin, M.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Donghua University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Mo, Xiumei
- Yin, Meng
- Venue
- International Journal of Nanomedicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- Volume 14
- Pages
- 4261-4276
- ISSN
- 1176-9114 (ISSN-L)
- 1178-2013
- PMC
- PMC6565934
- OpenAlex
- W2948814265
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 1.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Nanomedicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation (16CR3078B)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (TM201504)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Silk-based biomaterials and applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Keywords
- small-diameter vascular grafts, poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone), silk fibroin, heparin, vascular remodeling, electrospun nanofibers, carotid artery replacement, endothelialization, smooth muscle cell proliferation, anticoagulant activity, hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, hemocompatibility, rabbit model
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carotid Arteries, Fibroins, Heparin, Humans, Materials Testing, Platelet Adhesiveness, Polyesters, Rabbits, Prostheses and Implants, Tissue Engineering, Cell Proliferation, Tissue Scaffolds, Nanofibers, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Drug Liberation
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