Anticancer and antibacterial effects of a clove bud essential oil-based nanoscale emulsion system
Open accessAbstract
Background and purpose: The essential oil derived from clove buds ( Syzygium aromaticum) has been used as a chemopreventive agent in Ayurvedic medicine. The antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of its chemo-skeleton have motivated this study to explore its efficacy in pharmaceutics. Methods: Nanoscale-based emulsions were prepared by employing a spontaneous emulsification technique through self-assembly using varying concentrations of Tween 20 and Tween 80 surfactants. Their physicochemical properties and stability were studied in order to choose an optimum formulation which was clear and stable. The cytotoxicity of the stable oil-based emulsion system was evaluated using MTT assay, colony formation assay, and Annexin V-FITC assay against the thyroid cancer cell line (HTh-7). Results: All three methods verified apoptosis and reduction in cancer cell proliferation, making the formulation a promising candidate as an alternative cancer drug. The oil-based emulsion system was also tested for its antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus . Membrane permeability studies proved its efficacy to permeate through cell membrane, thereby increasing the leakage of cytoplasmic contents. Conclusion: Many current treatments for cancers are aggressive yet ineffective. This study positions the clove bud-based nanoscale emulsion as a suitable candidate for further in vivo studies and trials as a cancer drug. Keywords: clove bud oil, nanoscale emulsion system, thyroid cancer, apoptosis, antibacterial activity
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CEO has shown a low cytotoxic effect on normal cells, improving their antiproliferative activity.
“CEO has shown a low cytotoxic effect on normal cells, improving their antiproliferative activity [87,95,108].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [108]
The Introduction says essential oils have minimal effects on normal cells while retaining antiproliferative activity. The Results (Anticancer activity) report no cytotoxic activity in noncancerous HEK-293 cells and an antiproliferative effect in thyroid cancer cells, but those tests used a clove bud oil-based emulsion (CB-4), not clove essential oil alone. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Nirmala, M. J., Durai, L., Gopakumar, V., & Nagarajan, R.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Nirmala, M Joyce
- Venue
- International Journal of Nanomedicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- Volume 14
- Pages
- 6439-6450
- ISSN
- 1176-9114 (ISSN-L)
- 1178-2013
- PMC
- PMC6697666
- OpenAlex
- W2967772553
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 9.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Nanomedicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Central Leather Research Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Drug Discovery › Pharmacology and Nanomedicine Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- Syzygium aromaticum, self-assembly, Tween 20, Tween 80, emulsion stability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, thyroid cancer, antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, membrane permeability, anticancer drug delivery
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Cell Membrane Permeability, Cell Survival, Drug Compounding, Emulsions, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Oils, Volatile, Staphylococcus aureus, Surface-Active Agents, Viscosity, Syzygium, Cell Line, Tumor
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