CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 7

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Mechanistic investigation of toxicity of chromium oxide nanoparticles in murine fibrosarcoma cells

Ali, Daoud, Alarifi, Saud, Alkahtani, Saad·2016·International Journal of Nanomedicine
DOI 10.2147/ijn.s99995PMC PMC4820233
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2147/ijn.s99995

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Morphology of L929 cells. Notes: (A) Control. (B) At 50 μg/mL of Cr2O3NPs for 24 hours. Scale bar (▬) is 50 μm; magnification 40×. The arrow indicates a damaged cell. Abbreviation: Cr2O3NPs, chromium oxide nanoparticles.
Figure 1 Morphology of L929 cells. Notes: (A) Control. (B) At 50 μg/mL of Cr2O3NPs for 24 hours. Scale bar (▬) is 50 μm; magnification 40×. The arrow indicates a damaged cell. Abbreviation: Cr2O3NPs, chromium oxide nanoparticles.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Cytotoxicity of Cr2O3NPs in L929 cells for 12 and 24 hours. Notes: (A) MTT and (B) NRU tests. *P<0.05 vs control. Abbreviations: Cr2O3NPs, chromium oxide nanoparticles; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NRU, neutral red uptake; h, hours.
Figure 2 Cytotoxicity of Cr2O3NPs in L929 cells for 12 and 24 hours. Notes: (A) MTT and (B) NRU tests. *P<0.05 vs control. Abbreviations: Cr2O3NPs, chromium oxide nanoparticles; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NRU, neutral red uptake; h, hours.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Cr2O3NPs induced ROS in L929 cells. Notes: (A) Control (B) at 100 μg/mL of Cr2O3NPs for 24 hours (C) % ROS generation due to Cr2O3NPs in L929 cells. Scale bar (▬) 50 μm; magnification 40×. *P<0.05 vs control. Abbreviations: Cr2O3NPs, chromium oxide nanoparticles; DCF, dichlorofluorescein; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
Figure 3 Cr2O3NPs induced ROS in L929 cells. Notes: (A) Control (B) at 100 μg/mL of Cr2O3NPs for 24 hours (C) % ROS generation due to Cr2O3NPs in L929 cells. Scale bar (▬) 50 μm; magnification 40×. *P<0.05 vs control. Abbreviations: Cr2O3NPs, chromium oxide nanoparticles; DCF, dichlorofluorescein; ROS, reactive oxygen species.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 4 (A) LPO, (B) GSH, (C) SOD, and (D) catalase in L929 cells after exposure to Cr2O3NPs for 12 and 24 hours. Note: *P<0.05 vs control. Abbreviations: Cr2O3NPs, chromium oxide nanoparticles; GSH, glutathione; LPO, lipid peroxidation; SOD, superoxide dismutase; h, hours.
Figure 4 (A) LPO, (B) GSH, (C) SOD, and (D) catalase in L929 cells after exposure to Cr2O3NPs for 12 and 24 hours. Note: *P<0.05 vs control. Abbreviations: Cr2O3NPs, chromium oxide nanoparticles; GSH, glutathione; LPO, lipid peroxidation; SOD, superoxide dismutase; h, hours.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Chromosomal condensation and caspase-3 activity in L929 cells after treatment with Cr2O3NPs. Notes: (A) Control, (B) at 50 μg/mL of Cr2O3NPs for 24 hours. (C) Caspase-3 activity. *P, 0.05 vs control. Scale bar (▬) 50 μm; magnification 40×. Abbreviations: AU, arbitrary units; Cr2O3NPs, chromium oxide nanoparticles; h, hours.
Figure 5 Chromosomal condensation and caspase-3 activity in L929 cells after treatment with Cr2O3NPs. Notes: (A) Control, (B) at 50 μg/mL of Cr2O3NPs for 24 hours. (C) Caspase-3 activity. *P, 0.05 vs control. Scale bar (▬) 50 μm; magnification 40×. Abbreviations: AU, arbitrary units; Cr2O3NPs, chromium oxide nanoparticles; h, hours.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 6 DNA lesions in L929 cells because of Cr2O3NPs. Notes: (A) Tail DNA (%). (B) Olive tail moment. (C) Control cell. (D) At 100 μg/mL of Cr2O3NPs for 24 hours. Scale bar (▬) is 50 μm; magnification 40×. *P<0.05 vs control. Abbreviations: Cr2O3NPs, chromium oxide nanoparticles; h, hours.
Figure 6 DNA lesions in L929 cells because of Cr2O3NPs. Notes: (A) Tail DNA (%). (B) Olive tail moment. (C) Control cell. (D) At 100 μg/mL of Cr2O3NPs for 24 hours. Scale bar (▬) is 50 μm; magnification 40×. *P<0.05 vs control. Abbreviations: Cr2O3NPs, chromium oxide nanoparticles; h, hours.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Research works printed but not linked: 21

  1. [3]Pan Y Neuss S Leifer A Size-dependent cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles Small 2007 3 11 1941 1949 17963284
  2. [5]Borm PJ Robbins D Haubold S The potential risks of nanomaterials: a review carried out for ECETOC Part Fibre Toxicol 2006 3 11 16907977 PMC1584248
  3. [6]Warheit DB Laurence BR Reed KL Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessment of single-wall carbon nanotubes in rats Toxicol Sci 2004 77 117 125 14514968
  4. [7]Oberdorster G Oberdorster E Oberdorster J Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles Environ Health Perspect 2005 113 823 839 16002369 PMC1257642
  5. [8]Krewski D Westphal M Al-Zoughool M Croteau MC Andersen ME New directions in toxicity testing Annu Rev Public Health 2011 32 161 178 21219154
  6. [9]Lin W Huang YW Zhou XD In vitro toxicity of silica nanoparticles in human lung cancer cells Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006 217 252 259 17112558
  7. [10]Wang C Hu X Gao Y Ji Y ZnO nanoparticles treatment induces apoptosis by increasing intracellular ROS levels in LTEP-a-2 Cells Biomed Res Int 2015 2015 423287 26339612 PMC4538331
  8. [11]Mossman T Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays J Immunol Methods 1983 65 55 63 6606682
  9. [12]Ali D Ray RS Hans RK UVA-induced cyototoxicity and DNA damaging potential of benz (e) acephenanthrylene in human skin cell line Toxicol Lett 2010 199 2 193 200 20832460
  10. [13]Wang H Joseph JA Quantifying cellular oxidative stress by dichlorofluorescein assay using micro-plate reader Free Radic Biol Med 1999 27 612 616 10490282
  11. [14]Lowry OH Rosebrough NJ Farr AL Randall RJ Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent J Biol Chem 1951 193 265 275 14907713
  12. [15]Ohkawa H Ohishi N Yagi K Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction Anal Biochem 1979 95 351 358 36810
  13. [16]Alarifi S Ali D Verma A Alakhtani S Ali BA Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in human skin keratinocytes cells Int J Toxicol 2013 32 4 296 307 23667135
  14. [17]Elman G Tissue sulfhydryl groups Arch Biochem Biophys 1959 82 70 77 13650640
  15. [18]Alarifi S Ali D Mechanisms of multi-walled carbon nanotubes-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in mouse fibroblast cells Int J Toxicol 2015 34 3 258 265 25998517
  16. [19]Donaldson K Stone V Tran CL Nanotoxicology Occup Environ Med 2004 61 727 728 15317911 PMC1763673
  17. [20]Shi XL Dalal NS Chromium (V) and hydroxyl radical formation during the glutathione reductase-catalyzed reduction of chromium (VI) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989 163 627 634 2550002
  18. [21]Xia T Kovochich M Liong M Zink JI Nel AE Cationic polystyrene nanosphere toxicity depends on cell-specific endocytic and mitochondrial injury pathways ACS Nano 2007 2 85 96 19206551
  19. [22]Kang SJ Kim BM Lee YJ Chung H Barium dioxide nanoparticles trigger p53-mediated damage response in peripheral blood lymphocytes Environ Mol Mutagen 2008 49 399 405 18418868
  20. [23]Kroemer G Petit P Zamzami N Vayssiere JL Mignotte B The biochemistry of programmed cell death FASEB J 1995 9 1277 1287 7557017
  21. [24]Chen M Mikecz A Formation of nucleoplasmic protein aggregates impairs nuclear function in response to SiO2 nanoparticles Exp Cell Res 2005 305 1 51 62 15777787

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 7

Metadata

Authors
Ali, D., Alarifi, S., & Alkahtani, S.
Venue
International Journal of Nanomedicine
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2016-03
Pages
1253
ISSN
1178-2013
DOI
10.2147/ijn.s99995
PMC
PMC4820233
Cited by
7
References
1
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mechanistic investigation of toxicity of chromium oxide nanoparticles in murine fibrosarcoma cells. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2147/ijn.s99995
The paper
Ali, D., Alarifi, S., & Alkahtani, S. (2016). Mechanistic investigation of toxicity of chromium oxide nanoparticles in murine fibrosarcoma cells. International Journal of Nanomedicine. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s99995