CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 265Gut microbiota and healthVagus Nerve Stimulation ResearchGastrointestinal motility and disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 100 of the 100 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Vagus Nerve and Underlying Impact on the Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis in Behavior and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Open access
Han, Yimin, Wang, Boya, Gao, Han, He, Chengwei, Hua, Rongxuan, Liang, Chen, Zhang, Sitian, Wang, Ying, Xin, Shuzi, Xu, Jingdong·2022·Journal of Inflammation Research
DOI 10.2147/jir.s384949PMC PMC9656367
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

The gut microbiota is the most abundant and diverse microbiota in the human body and the vagus nerve is the most widely distributed and complex nerve in the body, both of them are essential in maintaining homeostasis. The most important phenomenon is how they coordinate to regulate functions, which has attracted the great attention of scientists. The academic literature on the correlation with a host of intestinal diseases and even systemic diseases has revealed the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, which can be carried out via multiple patterns. In the review, firstly, we have a general overview of the gut microbiota and the gut microbiota-brain axis. Secondly, according to the distribution characteristics of the vagus nerve, we analyzed and summarized its function in the intestinal tract. At the same time, we have summarized the underlying mechanism of some behavior changes such as depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and related neurodegenerative diseases caused by the vagus nerve and intestinal microecological environment disorders, and then we also analyzed inconsistency of the experimental evidence in order to propose novel strategies for the clinical practice.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2147/jir.s384949

Cites

100 of 100 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis and the signal transduction Pathway. As a bidirectional communication linking the gut microbiota to the brain, the gut microbiota-brain axis can be achieved through the neuroendocrine system (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), the neuroanatomical pathways (vagus nerve), cytokines, as well as direct or indirect chemical pathways that may involve microbial metabolites (SCFA) and some specific neurotransmitters.
Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis and the signal transduction Pathway. As a bidirectional communication linking the gut microbiota to the brain, the gut microbiota-brain axis can be achieved through the neuroendocrine system (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), the neuroanatomical pathways (vagus nerve), cytokines, as well as direct or indirect chemical pathways that may involve microbial metabolites (SCFA) and some specific neurotransmitters.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Diagram of the vagus nerve anatomy and mode of action. As a mixed nerve, the vagus nerve is composed of 80% afferent fibers and 20% efferent fibers. There are three types of afferent endings: the intraganglionic laminar endings which are located in the myenteric plexus, serve as tension receptors; the intramuscular afferents which are also located in the muscle layer, are characterized as a stretch or length receptor; vagal villi, and vagal crypt afferents terminate at the top of the villus near the epithelial layer or surround the luminal end of intestinal crypts and is regarded as chemoreceptors. The vagus nerve can be activated by the gut microbiota, transmitting information from the gastrointestinal tract to the NTS which can transmit information further into the central autonomic network through a variety of neuronal pathways and lead to specific effects. The efferent vagus nerve, which extends into the myenteric plexus, releases different neurotransmitters to regulate smooth muscle contraction and gastrointestinal movement.
Figure 2 Diagram of the vagus nerve anatomy and mode of action. As a mixed nerve, the vagus nerve is composed of 80% afferent fibers and 20% efferent fibers. There are three types of afferent endings: the intraganglionic laminar endings which are located in the myenteric plexus, serve as tension receptors; the intramuscular afferents which are also located in the muscle layer, are characterized as a stretch or length receptor; vagal villi, and vagal crypt afferents terminate at the top of the villus near the epithelial layer or surround the luminal end of intestinal crypts and is regarded as chemoreceptors. The vagus nerve can be activated by the gut microbiota, transmitting information from the gastrointestinal tract to the NTS which can transmit information further into the central autonomic network through a variety of neuronal pathways and lead to specific effects. The efferent vagus nerve, which extends into the myenteric plexus, releases different neurotransmitters to regulate smooth muscle contraction and gastrointestinal movement.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Pathways of vagus nerve collection of multiple signals from the gut microbiota. (A) When the intestinal epithelium is destroyed, the gut microbiota and their metabolites have the opportunity to invade and directly contact with VN, activating the vagal afferent fibers through specific receptors or more direct ways. Edwardsiella tarda can bind to the receptor transient receptor potential ankyrin A1 (TRPA1) which are widely distributed on nodose ganglia (NG) to directly stimulate NG. (B) Enteroendocrine cells can recognize bacterial products in the intestinal lumen, such as LPS, via toll-like receptors (TLR) on its surface or use other receptors to recognize microbial metabolites, such as SCFA, then transmitted intestinal signals to vagal afferents through synaptic connections using glutamate as a neurotransmitter or release more than 30 known peptides to stimulate vagal afferents. (C) Edwardsiella tarda can activity enteroendocrine cells via the receptor transient receptor potential ankyrin A1 (TRPA1) to directly stimulate vagal sensory ganglia by releasing the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Olfactory receptor 558 of enteroendocrine cells can act as a sensory receptor for microbial metabolites, accepting isovalerate stimulation. Then enteroendocrine cells release 5-HT which binds to the 5-HT receptors on vagal afferents so as to realize the transmission of intestinal information. The arrows in the figure indicate neurotransmitters, bacteria or bacterial products bound to the corresponding receptors.
Figure 3 Pathways of vagus nerve collection of multiple signals from the gut microbiota. (A) When the intestinal epithelium is destroyed, the gut microbiota and their metabolites have the opportunity to invade and directly contact with VN, activating the vagal afferent fibers through specific receptors or more direct ways. Edwardsiella tarda can bind to the receptor transient receptor potential ankyrin A1 (TRPA1) which are widely distributed on nodose ganglia (NG) to directly stimulate NG. (B) Enteroendocrine cells can recognize bacterial products in the intestinal lumen, such as LPS, via toll-like receptors (TLR) on its surface or use other receptors to recognize microbial metabolites, such as SCFA, then transmitted intestinal signals to vagal afferents through synaptic connections using glutamate as a neurotransmitter or release more than 30 known peptides to stimulate vagal afferents. (C) Edwardsiella tarda can activity enteroendocrine cells via the receptor transient receptor potential ankyrin A1 (TRPA1) to directly stimulate vagal sensory ganglia by releasing the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Olfactory receptor 558 of enteroendocrine cells can act as a sensory receptor for microbial metabolites, accepting isovalerate stimulation. Then enteroendocrine cells release 5-HT which binds to the 5-HT receptors on vagal afferents so as to realize the transmission of intestinal information. The arrows in the figure indicate neurotransmitters, bacteria or bacterial products bound to the corresponding receptors.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 100 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Rinaman, 1989, J Neurosci, 9, 1985, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.09-06-01985 · DOI
  2. Cechetto, 1987, Fed Proc, 46, 17

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 265

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Han, Y., Wang, B., Gao, H., He, C., Hua, R., Liang, C., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Xin, S., & Xu, J.
Affiliations
  • Capital Medical University (CN)
  • Peking University People's Hospital (CN)
  • Beijing Tongren Hospital (CN)
Corresponding author
Xu, Jingdong
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Inflammation Research
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2022-11
Volume
Volume 15
Pages
6213-6230
ISSN
1178-7031 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2147/jir.s384949
PMC
PMC9656367
OpenAlex
W4308542736
Cited by
265
References
100
Citations by year
2026: 100 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 25
FWCI
4.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Inflammation Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673671, 82174056)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Keywords
vagus nerve, gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, neurodegenerative diseases, depression-like behavior, anxiety-like behavior, two-way communication

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review