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Cited by 361Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and EfficacyAntimicrobial Resistance in StaphylococcusAntibiotic Use and Resistance

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 96 of the 97 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin

Matzke, G.R., Zhanel, G.G., Guay, D.R.P.·1986·Clinical Pharmacokinetics
DOI 10.2165/00003088-198611040-00001
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Abstract

Vancomycin utilisation has increased dramatically in the last 10 years due to the increasing clinical significance of infections with methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Recent studies have focused on characterising the disposition of vancomycin in patients and assessing the relationship between serum concentrations and therapeutic as well as adverse effects. Although vancomycin is not appreciably absorbed from the intact gastrointestinal tract, several recent case reports have documented the attainment of therapeutic and potentially toxic vancomycin serum concentrations following oral administration to patients with pseudomembranous colitis. The disposition of parenterally administered vancomycin has been best characterised by a triexponential model. The half-life of the initial phase (t1/2 pi) is approximately 7 minutes, that of the second phase (t1/2 alpha) is approximately 0.5 to 1 hour, while the terminal elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) ranges from 3 to 9 hours in subjects with normal renal function. The volume of the central compartment (Vc) in adults is approximately 0.15 L/kg while the steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss) ranges from 0.39 to 0.97 L/kg. More than 80% of a vancomycin dose is excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours after administration, and the concentration of vancomycin in liver tissue and bile has been reported to be at or below detection limits. Vancomycin renal clearance approximates 0.5 to 0.8 of simultaneously determined creatinine or 125I-iothalamate clearances, suggesting that the primary route of renal excretion is glomerular filtration. Recently, non-renal factors such as hepatic conjugation have been proposed as an important route of vancomycin elimination. However, these data are difficult to reconcile with other studies showing minimal non-renal clearance of vancomycin in subjects with end-stage renal disease. As yet, the disposition of vancomycin in patients with hepatic disease has not been adequately defined. Only limited data are available regarding the concentrations of vancomycin in biological fluids other than plasma. The penetration of vancomycin into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with and without meningitis has been quite variable. Although early studies suggested that adequate CSF concentrations may not be achieved in subjects with uninflamed meninges, more recent investigations have reported contradictory results. Therapeutic concentrations of vancomycin, i.e. greater than 2.5 mg/L, have, however, been reported in ascitic, pericardial, pleural and synovial fluids. Tissue concentrations of vancomycin have exceeded simultaneous serum concentrations in heart, kidney, liver and lung sp

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Crossref · 10.2165/00003088-198611040-00001

Cites

96 of 96 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Metadata

Authors
Matzke, G. R., Zhanel, G. G., & Guay, D. R. P.
Affiliations
University of Minnesota (US)
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1986
Volume
11
Issue
4
Pages
257-282
ISSN
0312-5963 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2165/00003088-198611040-00001
OpenAlex
W1992743376
Cited by
360
References
97
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 13
FWCI
5.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Clinical Pharmacokinetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Keywords
vancomycin, pharmacokinetics, oral vancomycin, pseudomembranous colitis, renal excretion, glomerular filtration, hepatic conjugation, end-stage renal disease, tissue distribution, cerebrospinal fluid penetration, meningeal infection, drug toxicity, methicillin-resistant staphylococci, therapeutic drug monitoring
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Kinetics, Middle Aged, Vancomycin

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