Plasma Glucose Metabolism During Exercise in Humans
Abstract
Plasma glucose is an important energy source in exercising humans, supplying between 20 and 50% of the total oxidative energy production and between 25 and 100% of the total carbohydrate oxidised during submaximal exercise. Plasma glucose utilisation increases with the intensity of exercise, due to an increase in glucose utilisation by each active muscle fibre, an increase in the number of active muscle fibres, or both. Plasma glucose utilisation also increases with the duration of exercise, thereby partially compensating for the progressive decrease in muscle glycogen concentration. When compared at the same absolute exercise intensity (i.e. the same VO2), reliance on plasma glucose is also greater during exercise performed with a small muscle mass, i.e. with the arms or just 1 leg. This may be due to differences in the relative exercise intensity (i.e. the %VO2peak), or due to differences between the arms and legs in their fitness for aerobic activity. The rate of plasma glucose utilisation is decreased when plasma free fatty acid or muscle glycogen concentrations are very high, effects which are probably mediated by increases in muscle glucose-6-phosphate concentration. However, glucose utilisation is also reduced during exercise following a low carbohydrate diet, despite the fact that muscle glycogen is also often lower. When exercise is performed at the same absolute intensity before and after endurance training, plasma glucose utilisation is lower in the trained state.…
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The isotopic tracer method allows qualitative evaluation of changes in glucose production, although absolute rates may be underestimated.
“Thus, it has been concluded that while absolute rates may be underestimated the method nevertheless allows qualitative evaluation of changes in glucose production [21].”
From The effect of moderate exercise on postprandial glucose homeostasis in NIDDM patients (1997) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- Coggan, A. R.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Coggan, Andrew R.
- ORCID
- Coggan, Andrew R.
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 1991-02
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 102-124
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2063618694
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 13.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- physical activity, glucose utilization, glucose production, hepatic glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, muscle glycogen, carbohydrate oxidation, endurance training, low-carbohydrate diet, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, free fatty acids, muscle fiber recruitment, limb dominance, hormonal regulation, glucose-6-phosphate, submaximal exercise
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Glucose, Glycogen, Humans, Liver, Muscles, Physical Education and Training, Exercise
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