The effect of glucose infusion on glucose kinetics during a 1-h time trial
Abstract
PURPOSE AND METHODS: To investigate the effect of glucose infusion on glucose kinetics and performance, six endurance cyclists (VO2max = 61.7 +/- 2.0 (mean +/- SE) mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) completed two performance trials in which they had to accomplish a set amount of work as quickly as possible (991 +/- 41 kJ). Subjects were infused with either glucose (20% in saline; carbohydrate (CHO)) at a rate of 1 g x min(-1) or saline (0.9% saline; placebo (PLA)). It was hypothesized that time trial performance would be unaffected by the infusion of glucose, as endogenous stores of CHO would not be limiting in the PLA trial. RESULTS: Plasma glucose concentration increased from 4.8 +/- 0.1 mmol x L(-1) to 5.9 +/- 0.3 mmol x L(-1) during the PLA trial and from 4.9 +/- 0.1 mmol x L(-1) at rest to 12.4 +/- 1.1 mmol x L(-1) during the CHO trial. These values were significantly higher at all time points during the CHO trial compared with PLA (P < 0.001). In the final stages of the time trial, Rd in the PLA trial was 49 +/- 5 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1) compared with 88 +/- 7 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1) in the CHO trial (P < 0.05). Despite these differences, there was no difference in performance time between PLA and CHO (60.04 +/- 1.47 min, PLA, vs 59.90 +/- 1.49 min, CHO, respectively). Infused carbohydrate oxidation in the last 25% of the CHO trial was at least 675 +/- 120 micromol x kg(-1) and contributed 17 +/- 4% to total carbohydrate oxidation. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that glucose infusion had no effect on 1-h cycle time-trial performance, despite an increased availability of plasma glucose for oxidation and evidence of increased glucose uptake into the tissues.
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The ergogenic effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing is thought to arise from stimulation of carbohydrate-sensitive receptors in the oral cavity, which activate brain regions involved in motor control and motivation.
“This ergogenic effect is thought to arise from the stimulation of carbohydrate‐sensitive receptors in the oral cavity, which activate brain regions involved in motor control and motivation [77, 78].”
From Carbohydrate Storage and Supplementation Strategies for Peak Performance in Cross-Country Skiing (2026) · cites this paper as [77]
Exogenous carbohydrate feeding during exercise improves performance when exercise duration is <60 minutes, an effect that is not apparent when glucose is directly infused to the bloodstream during exercise.
“It is noteworthy, however, that exogenous CHO feeding during exercise also improves performance when exercise duration is <60 minutes [42], an effect that is not apparent when glucose is directly infused to the bloodstream during exercise [43].”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [43]
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“This ergogenic effect is thought to arise from the stimulation of carbohydrate-sensitive receptors in the oral cavity, which activate brain regions involved in motor control and motivation [77, 78].”
- Authors
- CARTER, J. M., JEUKENDRUP, A. E., MANN, C. H., & JONES, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1543-1550
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2078702116
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- glucose infusion, glucose kinetics, carbohydrate oxidation, time trial performance, endurance cyclists, plasma glucose, glucose uptake, carbohydrate availability, exercise performance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bicycling, Blood Gas Analysis, Blood Glucose, Dietary Carbohydrates, Glucose, United Kingdom, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Oxidation-Reduction, Task Performance and Analysis
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