Quality control of hourly rain gauge data based on radar and satellite multi-source data

Compared with traditional approaches, multi-source collaborative QC methods integrate various observational data and effectively reduce the false alarm rate in anomaly detection.

“Compared with traditional approaches, these methods integrate various observational data, including Doppler weather radar, geostationary meteorological satellite, and weather detector, effectively reducing the false alarm rate in anomaly detection [27][28][29].”

Multi-source data collaborative QC for precipitation has demonstrated significant advantages.

“With the advancement of ground-and satellite-based observation technologies and the explosive growth of meteorological data, multi-source data collaborative QC for precipitation has demonstrated significant advantages [27][28][29][30][31].”

When an observed hourly precipitation has a lower CR, the record is highly likely to be attributed to manual operational errors, such as garden watering or cleaning the gauge without disconnecting communication.

“Consequently, when an observed hourly precipitation with a lower CR, the record is highly likely to be attributed to manual operational errors, such as garden watering, cleaning the gauge without disconnecting communication [23,28,29].”

Anomalously high minute-level precipitation values were likely induced by instrumental malfunctions, such as persistent false triggering of a reed switch in a tipping-bucket rain gauge due to metal fatigue or foreign object adhesion.

“These anomalously high minute values were likely to be induced by instrumental malfunctions [14,21,25,29], such as the persistent false triggering of a reed switch in a tipping-bucket rain gauge due to metal fatigue or foreign object adhesion, leading to an abnormally high count within a single minute.”

The discrepancy between low PRE_1m_Max and high hourly precipitation is likely caused by data encoding or transmission errors.

“This discrepancy is likely caused by data encoding or transmission errors [25,29];”

The occurrence of negative values in minute precipitation exposes errors in data encoding or transmission, such as improper sign bit handling or data type conversion errors.

“Therefore, the occurrence of negative values exposes errors in the data encoding or transmission, such as improper sign bit handling or data type conversion errors [25,29].”