The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The potential for health risks from intrusion of contaminants into the distribution system from pressure transients
Abstract
The potential for public health risks associated with intrusion of contaminants into water supply distribution systems resulting from transient low or negative pressures is assessed. It is shown that transient pressure events occur in distribution systems; that during these negative pressure events pipeline leaks provide a potential portal for entry of groundwater into treated drinking water; and that faecal indicators and culturable human viruses are present in the soil and water exterior to the distribution system. To date, all observed negative pressure events have been related to power outages or other pump shutdowns. Although there are insufficient data to indicate whether pressure transients are a substantial source of risk to water quality in the distribution system, mitigation techniques can be implemented, principally the maintenance of an effective disinfectant residual throughout the distribution system, leak control, redesign of air relief venting, and more rigorous application of existing engineering standards. Use of high-speed pressure data loggers and surge modelling may have some merit, but more research is needed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Kolpin, D. W., Furlong, E. T., Meyer, M. T., Thurman, E. M., Zaugg, S. D., Barber, L. B., & Buxton, H. T. (2002) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es011055j · Cited by 7,953
Kolpin, D. W., Furlong, E. T., Meyer, M. T., Thurman, E. M., Zaugg, S. D., Barber, L. B., & Buxton, H. T. (2002) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0201350 · Cited by 1,706
Payment, P., Richardson, L., Siemiatycki, J., Dewar, R., Edwardes, M., & Franco, E. (1991) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.81.6.703 · Cited by 345
Payment, P., Siemiatycki, J., Richardson, L., Renaud, G., Franco, E., & Prevost, M. (1997) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603129773977 · Cited by 288
Microbial Quality of Water Supply in Distribution Systems
Geldreich, E. E. (2020) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003075622 · Cited by 285
Transport of microorganisms through soil
Abu-Ashour, J., Joy, D. M., Lee, H., Whiteley, H. R., & Zelin, S. (1994) · Water, Air, & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/bf01100406 · Cited by 221
Hellard, M. E., Sinclair, M. I., Forbes, A. B., & Fairley, C. K. (2001) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.01109773 · Cited by 188
Potential for pathogen intrusion during pressure transients
Karim, M. R., Abbaszadegan, M., & Lechevallier, M. (2003) · Journal AWWA · doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.2003.tb10368.x · Cited by 159
Self-citationPayment, P. (1999) · Canadian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1139/w99-063 · Cited by 105
Snead, M. C., Olivieri, V. P., Kawata, K., & Krusé, C. (1980) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90203-1 · Cited by 40
Cited by
Causes of Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water in the United States from 1971 to 2006
Craun, G. F., Brunkard, J. M., Yoder, J. S., Roberts, V. A., Carpenter, J., Wade, T., Calderon, R. L., Roberts, J. M., Beach, M. J., & Roy, S. L. (2010) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00077-09 · Cited by 469
Intermittent Water Supply: Prevalence, Practice, and Microbial Water Quality
Kumpel, E., & Nelson, K. L. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b03973 · Cited by 294
Metadata
- Authors
- LeChevallier, M. W., Gullick, R. W., Karim, M. R., Friedman, M., & Funk, J. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Water and Health
- Publisher
- IWA Publishing
- Published
- 2003-03-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-14
- ISSN
- 1477-8920 (ISSN-L)
- 1996-7829
- OpenAlex
- W2242375320
- Cited by
- 264
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 41.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The potential for health risks from intrusion of contaminants into the distribution system from pressure transients. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2166/wh.2003.0002
- The paper
- LeChevallier, M. W., Gullick, R. W., Karim, M. R., Friedman, M., & Funk, J. E. (2003). The potential for health risks from intrusion of contaminants into the distribution system from pressure transients. Journal of Water and Health. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2003.0002
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
