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Cited by 854

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: A worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt

Open access
Karanis, Panagiotis, Kourenti, Christina, Smith, Huw·2007·Journal of Water and Health
DOI 10.2166/wh.2006.002
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Abstract

At least 325 water-associated outbreaks of parasitic protozoan disease have been reported. North American and European outbreaks accounted for 93% of all reports and nearly two-thirds of outbreaks occurred in North America. Over 30% of all outbreaks were documented from Europe, with the UK accounting for 24% of outbreaks, worldwide. Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum account for the majority of outbreaks (132; 40.6% and 165; 50.8%, respectively), Entamoeba histolytica and Cyclospora cayetanensis have been the aetiological agents in nine (2.8%) and six (1.8%) outbreaks, respectively, while Toxoplasma gondii and Isospora belli have been responsible for three outbreaks each (0.9%) and Blastocystis hominis for two outbreaks (0.6%). Balantidium coli, the microsporidia, Acanthamoeba and Naegleria fowleri were responsible for one outbreak, each (0.3%). Their presence in aquatic ecosystems makes it imperative to develop prevention strategies for water and food safety. Human incidence and prevalence-based studies provide baseline data against which risk factors associated with waterborne and foodborne transmission can be identified. Standardized methods are required to maximize public health surveillance, while reporting lessons learned from outbreaks will provide better insight into the public health impact of waterborne pathogenic protozoa.

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Metadata

Authors
Karanis, P., Kourenti, C., & Smith, H.
Venue
Journal of Water and Health
Publisher
IWA Publishing
Published
2006-09-01
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
1-38
ISSN
  • 1477-8920 (ISSN-L)
  • 1996-7829
DOI
10.2166/wh.2006.002
OpenAlex
W1997391434
Cited by
854
References
42
FWCI
19.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: A worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2166/wh.2006.002
The paper
Karanis, P., Kourenti, C., & Smith, H. (2007). Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: A worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt. Journal of Water and Health. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.002

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.