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Cited by 31Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsEffects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsToxic Organic Pollutants Impact

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in swimming pools

Open access
Suppes, Laura M., Huang, Ching-Hua, Lee, Wan-Ning, Brockman, Kyle J.·2017·Journal of Water and Health
DOI 10.2166/wh.2017.004
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Abstract

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in swimming pool water are hypothesized to originate from fill water and anthropogenic sources like urine, sweat, swimwear and body surfaces. However, research exploring PPCP origins in pools is lacking. This research investigates PPCP sources at 31 swimming pools. Pool water was analyzed for 24 representative PPCPs using advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Fill water was analyzed as a contamination source and to determine if swimmers introduce PPCPs to pools. Results show every PPCP in fill water was present in pools except one, suggesting fill water is a PPCP source at pools. The presence of the antidepressant fluoxetine in 26% of pools and 0% of fill water indicates swimmers introduce pharmaceuticals. The flame retardant (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP)) was present 48% more frequently in pool than fill water, suggesting TCEP is introduced by body surfaces or swimwear. Enforcing showering and bathroom breaks is recommended to reduce PPCP contamination from swimmers.

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Research works printed but not linked: 13

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Metadata

Authors
Suppes, L. M., Huang, C.-H., Lee, W.-N., & Brockman, K. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire (US)
  • Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author
Suppes, Laura M.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Water and Health
Publisher
IWA Publishing
Published
2017-07-26
Volume
15
Issue
5
Pages
829-833
ISSN
  • 1477-8920 (ISSN-L)
  • 1996-7829
DOI
10.2166/wh.2017.004
OpenAlex
W2738805449
Cited by
31
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1
FWCI
1.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Water and Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Keywords
pharmaceuticals and personal care products, swimming pools, source apportionment, swimmers, fluoxetine, antidepressants, flame retardants, TCEP, swimwear, body surface, urine, sweat
MeSH terms
Cosmetics, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Environmental Monitoring, Swimming Pools, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical

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