The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The effect of SRT on nitrate formation during autotrophic nitrogen removal of anaerobically treated wastewater
Abstract
Autotrophic nitrogen removal, coupling nitritation (ammonium to nitrite) with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), offers a promising nitrogen-removal alternative, especially for post-treatment of anaerobically-treated wastewater. However, previous reports suggest that less than 90% total nitrogen removal should be expected with this process alone because over 10% of the ammonium removed will be converted to nitrate. This is caused because nitrite conversion to nitrate is required for reduction of carbon dioxide to cell carbon. However, recent research results suggest that more limited nitrate formation of only a few per cent sometimes occurs. It was hypothesized such lower nitrate yields may result from use of long solids retention times (SRT) where net biological yields are low, and providing that the ratio of oxygen added to influent ammonium concentrations is maintained at or below 0.75 mol/mol. Overall reaction equations were developed for each process and combined to evaluate the potential effect of SRT on process stoichiometry. The results support the use of a long SRT to reduce net cell yield, which in turn results in a small percentage conversion to nitrate during ammonium removal and high total nitrogen removals in the range of 90 to 94%.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Partial denitrification providing nitrite: Opportunities of extending application for anammox
Du, R., Peng, Y., Ji, J., Shi, L., Gao, R., & Li, X. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105001 · Cited by 421
Du, R., Cao, S., Jin, R., Li, X., Fan, J., & Peng, Y. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c05123 · Cited by 149
Step-feeding organic carbon enhances high-strength nitrate and ammonia removal via DEAMOX process
Du, R., Cao, S., Li, B., Zhang, H., Li, X., Zhang, Q., & Peng, Y. (2018) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.011 · Cited by 129
Guo, Y. X., Chen, Y., Webeck, E., & Li, Y. (2019) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122560 · Cited by 108
Chen, J., Zhang, X., Zhou, L., Zhu, Z., Wu, Z., Zhang, K., Wang, Y., Ju, T., Ji, X., Jin, D., et al. (2023) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129606 · Cited by 49
Alvarado, V. I., Hsu, S., Lam, C.-M., & Lee, P.-H. H. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b05755 · Cited by 45
Self-citationMonballiu, A., Desmidt, E., Ghyselbrecht, K., Clippeleir, H. D., Hulle, S. W. H. V., Verstraete, W., & Meesschaert, B. D. (2012) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2012.10.046 · Cited by 35
Zhu, S.-N., Wang, C., Yip, A. C. K., & Tsang, D. C. W. (2014) · Environmental Technology · doi:10.1080/09593330.2014.992481 · Cited by 24
Huang, Y.-T., Chen, S.-S., Lee, P.-H. H., & Bae, J. (2013) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.081 · Cited by 17
Self-citationYang, D., Jiang, C., Xu, S., Gu, L., Wang, D., Zuo, J., Wang, H., Zhang, S. J., Wang, D., Zhang, H., et al. (2022) · Biochemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bej.2022.108526 · Cited by 12
Alvarado, V. I., Hsu, S., Wu, Z., Lam, C.-M., Leng, L., Zhuang, H., & Lee, P.-H. H. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b01409 · Cited by 11
Self-citationStaunton, E. T., & Aitken, M. D. (2015) · Environmental Engineering Science · doi:10.1089/ees.2015.0063 · Cited by 10
Srivastava, G., Kapoor, A., & Kazmi, A. A. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15107918 · Cited by 8
Alvarado, V. I., Ying, L., Asghari, V., Hsu, S., & Lee, P.-H. H. (2025) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.4c01220 · Cited by 7
Self-citationMondal, S., Pal, S., & Ghosh, S. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1061/joeedu.eeeng-8531 · Cited by 3
The Device for a Reduction of Nutrients in Municipal Wastewater
Badida, M., Šebo, J., Dzuro, T., Badidová, A., & Kimáková, Z. (2019) · International Council on Technologies of Environmental Protection (ICTEP) · doi:10.1109/ictep48662.2019.8968995
Jianqiang, X., Lei, D., Yuduo, W., Yang, X., & Jianmei, Z. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7549410
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, P.-H., Kwak, W., Bae, J., & McCarty, P. L.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- Inha University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Po-Heng
- Venue
- Water Science and Technology
- Publisher
- IWA Publishing
- Published
- 2013-10-01
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1751-1756
- ISSN
- 0273-1223 (ISSN-L)
- 1996-9732
- OpenAlex
- W2012731509
- Semantic Scholar
- 4cceb83807567627eeb193b50678d7a94c00aeb7
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Water Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Keywords
- sludge retention time, nitrate formation, autotrophic nitrogen removal, anammox, nitritation, nitrogen removal
- MeSH terms
- Ammonia, Anaerobiosis, Nitrates, Nitrogen, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Wastewater
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
