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Cited by 108Optimal Power Flow DistributionPower Systems and Renewable EnergySmart Grid Energy Management

On the Path to SunShot. Emerging Issues and Challenges in Integrating Solar with the Distribution System

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National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States), Palmintier, Bryan, USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S), Broderick, Robert, Mather, Barry, Coddington, Michael, Baker, Kyri, Ding, Fei +3 more·2016
DOI 10.2172/1253980
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Abstract

This report analyzes distribution-integration challenges, solutions, and research needs in the context of distributed generation from PV (DGPV) deployment to date and the much higher levels of deployment expected with achievement of the U.S. Department of Energy's SunShot targets. Recent analyses have improved estimates of the DGPV hosting capacities of distribution systems. This report uses these results to statistically estimate the minimum DGPV hosting capacity for the contiguous United States using traditional inverters of approximately 170 GW without distribution system modifications. This hosting capacity roughly doubles if advanced inverters are used to manage local voltage and additional minor, low-cost changes could further increase these levels substantially. Key to achieving these deployment levels at minimum cost is siting DGPV based on local hosting capacities, suggesting opportunities for regulatory, incentive, and interconnection innovation. Already, pre-computed hosting capacity is beginning to expedite DGPV interconnection requests and installations in select regions; however, realizing SunShot-scale deployment will require further improvements to DGPV interconnection processes, standards and codes, and compensation mechanisms so they embrace the contributions of DGPV to system-wide operations. SunShot-scale DGPV deployment will also require unprecedented coordination of the distribution and transmission systems. This includes harnessing DGPV's ability to relieve congestion and reduce system losses by generating closer to loads; minimizing system operating costs and reserve deployments through improved DGPV visibility; developing communication and control architectures that incorporate DGPV into system operations; providing frequency response, transient stability, and synthesized inertia with DGPV in the event of large-scale system disturbances; and potentially managing reactive power requirements due to large-scale deployment of advanced inverter functions. Finally, additional local and system-level value could be provided by integrating DGPV with energy storage and 'virtual storage,' which exploits improved management of electric vehicle charging, building energy systems, and other large loads. Together, continued innovation across this rich distribution landscape can enable the very-high deployment levels envisioned by SunShot.

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  • A study of 18 distribution feeders confirmed that inverter control is successful in maintaining distribution network voltage levels and can increase feeder hosting capacity.

    “Reference [40] investigates the use of smart inverter functions for 18 distribution feeders.Not only does the study confirm that inverter control is successful in maintaining distribution network voltage levels, but it also discusses how these advanced settings also have the capability to increase the hosting capacity of feeder.”

    From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [40]

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Authors
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), G., Palmintier, B., USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), S. E. T. O. (.-4., Broderick, R., Mather, B., Coddington, M., Baker, K., Ding, F., Reno, M., Lave, M., & Bharatkumar, A.
Affiliations
  • National Laboratory of the Rockies (US)
  • National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
  • Sandia National Laboratories (US)
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
ORCID
Publisher
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Published
2016-05-01
DOI
10.2172/1253980
OpenAlex
W2476785178
Cited by
108
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7
Type
report
Language
en
Open access
Locations
OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S)
  • DOE (AC36-08GO28308)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Power Systems and Renewable Energy
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
Keywords
distributed photovoltaic generation, local voltage control, photovoltaic grid integration, frequency response, transient stability, virtual inertia, reactive power, energy storage, virtual storage, electric vehicle charging

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